CD4 T-cell immunotherapy for chronic viral infections and cancer

During chronic infections and cancer, T cells progressively lose function and become exhausted. However, effective T-cell responses are necessary to ultimately control viral infections and tumors. Hence, strategies that either restore endogenous immune responses or provide functional T cells by adop...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inImmunotherapy Vol. 5; no. 9; pp. 975 - 987
Main Authors Kamphorst, Alice O, Ahmed, Rafi
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published England Future Medicine Ltd 01.09.2013
Subjects
adoptive cell transfer
Adoptive immunotherapy
Adoptive Transfer - methods
Animals
B-Lymphocytes - immunology
B-Lymphocytes - pathology
cancer
Care and treatment
CD4 lymphocytes
CD4 T cells
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - transplantation
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - pathology
Cellular therapy
Chronic Disease
chronic infection
exhaustion
Humans
Immune response
Immune system
Immunity, Innate
Immunology
immunotherapy
Infections
Neoplasms - immunology
Neoplasms - pathology
Neoplasms - therapy
Observations
PD-1
Properties
T cell receptors
Testing
Viral infections
Virus diseases
Virus Diseases - immunology
Virus Diseases - pathology
Virus Diseases - therapy
United Kingdom
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Summary:During chronic infections and cancer, T cells progressively lose function and become exhausted. However, effective T-cell responses are necessary to ultimately control viral infections and tumors. Hence, strategies that either restore endogenous immune responses or provide functional T cells by adoptive immunotherapy need to be explored. CD8 T cells play a prominent role in viral infections, as well as cancer, but CD4 T cells are necessary to support CD8 T-cell function. In addition, CD4 T cells exert direct effector functions, induce optimal B-cell responses and orchestrate innate immunity. Therefore, we propose that adoptive transfer strategies should exploit CD4 T cells alone or in combination with CD8 T cells, for the treatment of chronic infections and cancer. Furthermore, since adoptively transferred cells are subject to exhaustion, combining adoptive transfer therapy with immunotherapies that inhibit T-cell exhaustion should maximize the longevity and success rate of responses.
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ISSN:1750-743X
1750-7448
DOI:10.2217/imt.13.91