Effect of ketamine on binge drinking patterns in crossed high alcohol-preferring (cHAP) mice

• Published in: Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) Vol. 97; pp. 31 - 39
• Main Authors: Ardinger, Cherish E., Winkler, Garrett, Lapish, Christopher C., Grahame, Nicholas J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.12.2021; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: alcohol; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol Drinking - drug therapy; Alcohol Drinking - genetics; Alcohol use; Alcoholism; Animals; binge drinking; Binge Drinking - drug therapy; Binge Drinking - genetics; Blood levels; cHAP mice; Drinking behavior; drinking patterns; Drug abuse; Drug dosages; Drug efficacy; Ethanol; Female; front-loading; Humans; Inbreeding; Intoxication; Ketamine; Ketamine - pharmacology; Locomotion; Locomotor activity; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Psychiatric/Mental Health; Rodents; selectively bred mice; United States > US; alcohol; cHAP mice; ketamine; drinking patterns; front-loading; binge drinking; selectively bred mice
• ISSN: 0741-8329; 1873-6823; 1873-6823
• DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.09.004

Previous research has demonstrated the utility of subanesthetic doses of ketamine in decreasing binge (Drinking-in-the-Dark, or DID) 20% alcohol intake in female inbred (C57BL/6J) mice when administered 12 hours prior to alcohol access (Crowley et al., 2019). In the current study, we assess the efficacy of a similar ketamine pretreatment using male and female selectively bred, crossed High Alcohol Preferring (cHAP) mice, which also drink to intoxication, but are not inbred. We hypothesized that ketamine would decrease binge alcohol intake without impacting locomotor activity. Subjects were 28 adult cHAP mice. Mice first received a 2-week DID drinking history using 2-h/day alcohol access. On day 12, prior to ketamine treatment, the average blood ethanol concentration (BEC) was 130 mg/dL, confirming that mice reliably reached intoxicating BECs. On day 15, mice were given 0, 3, or 10 mg/kg of ketamine 12 hours prior to the DID session. Ketamine did not decrease total (2-h) alcohol consumption or locomotion. Interestingly, the 10 mg/kg dose of ketamine did alter the drinking pattern in male mice, decreasing front-loading for a single day. We opted to then increase the doses to 32 or 100 mg/kg (i.e., an anesthetic dose) two days after the initial treatment, keeping the saline control. Mice of both sexes decreased total binge alcohol intake at the 100 mg/kg dose only, but again, the effect only lasted one day. The current study found that cHAP mice reached more than double the BECs observed in C57BL/6J mice during DID, but did not respond to subanesthetic ketamine. Modest efficacy was found for ketamine pretreatment at anesthetic doses. Differences in findings may be due to differential intake during DID, or genetic differences between C57Bl/6J mice and cHAP mice. Drug efficacy in multiple models is important for discovering reliable pharmacotherapies for alcoholism. •cHAP mice reliably drink to intoxication during ‘drinking-in-the-dark’ (DID).•Ketamine (3–32 mg/kg, 12 hours prior to DID) did not decrease alcohol intake.•100 mg/kg of ketamine 12 hours prior to DID decreased alcohol intake in both sexes.•Future work is needed to assess ketamine's efficacy in FH + populations.