Transcriptome analysis reveals the potential mechanism of the response to scale insects in Camellia sasanqua Thunb

• Published in: BMC genomics Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 106 - 18
• Main Authors: Zhang, Hongye, Wang, Xubo, Yang, Ziyun, Bai, Yan, Chen, Longqing, Wu, Tian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 24.01.2024; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Abscisic acid; Analysis; Annotations; Biosynthesis; Botanical research; Camellia; Camellia sasanqua; Catalytic activity; Cellular signal transduction; Differentially expressed genes; Diseases and pests; DNA binding proteins; Encyclopedias; Epidemics; Females; Flavonoids; Galactose; Gene expression; Genes; Genetic aspects; Genetic transcription; Genomes; Genomics; Hormones; Insect pests; Insect-plant relationships; Insects; Isoflavones; Kinases; Leaves; Lignin; MAP kinase; MAPK signaling; Metabolism; Metabolites; Mitogens; Ornamental plants; Pest resistance; Physiological aspects; Phytohormones; Piperidine; Plant breeding; Plant defenses; Plant genetics; Plant hormone; Plant metabolites; Plant resistance; Protein kinases; Proteins; Pseudaulacaspis sasakawai Takagi, Ornamental plant; Pyridine; RNA sequencing; RNA-Seq; Secondary metabolites; Signal transduction; Transcription factor; Transcription factors; Transcriptomes; Transcriptomics; Tropane; China; Differentially expressed genes; Plant hormone; Pseudaulacaspis sasakawai Takagi, Ornamental plant; Transcription factor; RNA-Seq; MAPK signaling
• ISSN: 1471-2164; 1471-2164
• DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-09980-y

Camellia sasanqua Thunb. is an essential woody ornamental plant. Our continuous observation found that scale insects often infest C. sasanqua all year round in Kunming, China, resulting in poor growth. Scientifically preventing and controlling the infestation of scale insects should be paid attention to, and the mechanism of scale insects influencing C. sasanqua should be used as the research basis. The scale insect was identified as Pseudaulacaspis sasakawai Takagi. We analyzed transcriptome sequencing data from leaves of C. sasanqua infested with scale insects. A total of 1320 genes were either up-regulated or down-regulated and differed significantly in response to scale insects. GO (Gene Ontology) annotation analysis showed that the pathway of catalytic activity, binding, membrane part, cell part, and cellular process were affected. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis showed that most DEGs (differentially expressed genes) involved in plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, flavonoid biosynthesis, tropane, piperidine and pyridine alkaloid biosynthesis. We also observed that the expression of galactose metabolism and carotenoid biosynthesis were significantly influenced. In addition, qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) validated the expression patterns of DEGs, which showed an excellent agreement with the transcriptome sequencing. Our transcriptomic analysis revealed that the C. sasanqua had an intricate resistance strategy to cope with scale insect attacks. After sensing the attack signal of scale insects, C. sasanqua activated the early signal MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) to activate further transcription factors and Auxin, ET, JA, ABA, and other plant hormone signaling pathways, ultimately leading to the accumulation of lignin, scopolin, flavonoids and other secondary metabolites, produces direct and indirect resistance to scale insects. Our results suggested that it provided some potential resources of defense genes that would benefit the following resistance breeding in C. sasanqua to scale insects.