Biomarkers for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response in NSCLC: Current Developments and Applicability

Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancer types, resulting in over 1.8 million deaths annually. Immunotherapy utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ICIs, predominantly monoclonal antibodies, modulate co...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 15; p. 11887
Main Authors Tostes, Katiane, Siqueira, Aléxia Polo, Reis, Rui Manuel, Leal, Leticia Ferro, Arantes, Lidia Maria Rebolho Batista
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 25.07.2023
MDPI
Subjects
Antigens
B cells
Biological markers
Biomarkers
Brazil
Cancer
Cancer therapies
Care and treatment
Cells
Chemotherapy
Drug therapy
Health aspects
immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immune system
Immunoglobulins
Immunotherapy
Ligands
Lung cancer
Lung cancer, Non-small cell
Lymphocytes
Metastasis
Mortality
non-small cell lung cancer
PD-L1
Pemetrexed
predictive biomarkers
Prognosis
Respiratory agents
Review
Smoking
Tumors
Brazil
non-small cell lung cancer
PD-L1
predictive biomarkers
immune checkpoint inhibitors
immunotherapy
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Summary:Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancer types, resulting in over 1.8 million deaths annually. Immunotherapy utilizing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ICIs, predominantly monoclonal antibodies, modulate co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory signals crucial for maintaining immune tolerance. Despite significant therapeutic advancements in NSCLC, patients still face challenges such as disease progression, recurrence, and high mortality rates. Therefore, there is a need for predictive biomarkers that can guide lung cancer treatment strategies. Currently, programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is the only established biomarker for predicting ICI response. However, its accuracy and robustness are not consistently reliable. This review provides an overview of potential biomarkers currently under development or in the validation stage that hold promise in improving the classification of responders and non-responders to ICI therapy in the near future.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms241511887