A Sequence Homology and Bioinformatic Approach Can Predict Candidate Targets for Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2

• Published in: Cell Host & Microbe Vol. 27; no. 4; pp. 671 - 680.e2
• Main Authors: Grifoni, Alba, Sidney, John, Zhang, Yun, Scheuermann, Richard H., Peters, Bjoern, Sette, Alessandro
• Format: Journal Article Web Resource
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 08.04.2020; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: B cell epitope; Betacoronavirus - genetics; Betacoronavirus - immunology; Computational Biology; coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections - immunology; Coronavirus Infections - virology; COVID-19; Databases, Protein; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte - genetics; Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte - immunology; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - genetics; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - immunology; Humans; infectious disease; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral - immunology; Pneumonia, Viral - virology; SARS-CoV; SARS-CoV-2; sequence conservation; Sequence Homology; T cell epitope; COVID-19; B cell epitope; sequence conservation; SARS-CoV-2; infectious disease; SARS-CoV; coronavirus; T cell epitope
• ISSN: 1931-3128; 1934-6069
• DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.002

Effective countermeasures against the recent emergence and rapid expansion of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) require the development of data and tools to understand and monitor its spread and immune responses to it. However, little information is available about the targets of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. We used the Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) to catalog available data related to other coronaviruses. This includes SARS-CoV, which has high sequence similarity to SARS-CoV-2 and is the best-characterized coronavirus in terms of epitope responses. We identified multiple specific regions in SARS-CoV-2 that have high homology to the SARS-CoV virus. Parallel bioinformatic predictions identified a priori potential B and T cell epitopes for SARS-CoV-2. The independent identification of the same regions using two approaches reflects the high probability that these regions are promising targets for immune recognition of SARS-CoV-2. These predictions can facilitate effective vaccine design against this virus of high priority. [Display omitted] •Ten experimentally defined regions within SARS-CoV have high homology with SARS-CoV-2•Parallel bioinformatics predicted potential B and T cell epitopes for SARS-CoV-2•Independent approaches identified the same immunodominant regions•The conserved immune regions have implications for vaccine design against multiple CoVs Grifoni et al. identify potential targets for immune responses to the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by sequence homology with closely related SARS-CoV and by a priori epitope prediction using bioinformatics approaches. This analysis provides essential information for understanding human immune responses to this virus and for evaluating diagnostic and vaccine candidates.