Resampling the pool of genotypic possibilities: an adaptive function of sexual reproduction

• Published in: BMC ecology and evolution Vol. 21; no. 1; p. 119
• Main Authors: Hickey, Donal A, Golding, G Brian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 12.06.2021; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Analysis; Asexuality; Evolution of sex; Gene loci; Gene mutations; Genetic aspects; Genetic diversity; Genetic variability; Genomes; Genotype; Genotype & phenotype; Genotypes; Health aspects; Lotteries; Mutation; Natural populations; Natural selection; Population; Population Density; Population number; Recombination; Reproduction; Reproduction - genetics; Reproductive fitness; Selection, Genetic; Sexual reproduction; standing genetic variation; Canada; Evolution of sex; Sexual reproduction; standing genetic variation
• ISSN: 2730-7182; 2730-7182
• DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01850-5

Natural populations harbor significant levels of genetic variability. Because of this standing genetic variation, the number of possible genotypic combinations is many orders of magnitude greater than the population size. This means that any given population contains only a tiny fraction of all possible genotypic combinations. We show that recombination allows a finite population to resample the genotype pool, i.e., the universe of all possible genotypic combinations. Recombination, in combination with natural selection, enables an evolving sexual population to replace existing genotypes with new, higher-fitness genotypic combinations that did not previously exist in the population. This process allows the sexual population to gradually increase its fitness far beyond the range of fitnesses in the initial population. In contrast to this, an asexual population is limited to selection among existing lower fitness genotypes. The results provide an explanation for the ubiquity of sexual reproduction in evolving natural populations, especially when natural selection is acting on the standing genetic variation.