Prevalence, variety, and iron and zinc content of commercial infant and toddler foods sold in the United States that contain meat

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 19; no. 7; p. e0306490
• Main Authors: Moding, Kameron J, Lawless, Megan C, Forestell, Catherine A, Barrett, Katherine J, Johnson, Susan L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 25.07.2024; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Age; Animals; Babies; Beef; Bioavailability; Biology and Life Sciences; Breast milk; Chickens; Child, Preschool; Citrus; Citrus fruits; Descriptive labeling; Food; Food availability; Fruits; Humans; Infant; Infant Food - analysis; Infants; Ingredients; Iron; Iron - analysis; Iron content; Meals; Meat; Meat - analysis; Meat industry; Medicine and Health Sciences; Milk; Nutrient availability; Nutrients; Nutrition; Nutritive Value; People and Places; Pork; Poultry; Proteins; Seafood; Toddlers; United States; Vegetables; Zinc; Zinc - analysis; United States; United States > US
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306490

Iron and zinc are important nutrients during infancy, particularly for infants exclusively fed human milk at the beginning of complementary feeding (CF) from 6-12 months. The 1st Foods Study examined the ingredients and nutrient contents of commercially-available infant and toddler foods (ITFs) that were sold in the US and contained meat. Company websites (n = 22) were used to create a database of commercial ITFs (n = 165) available for purchase in the US and contained at least one meat (e.g., beef, chicken, pork). Single ingredient and ready-to-serve meals (for ages ≤ 9 months) and ready-to-serve meals (for ages 10+ months) were categorized as infant and toddler products, respectively. For each product, the ingredient list, intended age/stage, serving size (g), energy (kcal), protein (g), iron (mg), and zinc (mg) per serving were recorded from product labels. Nutrient amount/100 g was calculated for each product and medians and inter-quartile ranges were calculated and compared (1) by intended age/stage of the product and (2) according to meat type. In general, toddler products contained more iron than infant products. Within infant products (n = 65), more iron was found in products containing beef relative to products with other meats, which were similar in iron content. Within toddler products (n = 38), more iron was found in products containing seafood, followed by beef, turkey, and pork. Slightly less iron was found in products with chicken. Zinc content was infrequently reported (n = 17 total products). Because many of the products assessed contained low amounts of iron and zinc, meeting the current infant and toddler requirements for iron and zinc during the CF period may be challenging if commercial ITFs containing meat are the primary source of these nutrients.