Oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders: Mechanisms and implications

• Published in: Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 15 - 34
• Main Authors: Dash, Umesh Chandra, Bhol, Nitish Kumar, Swain, Sandeep Kumar, Samal, Rashmi Rekha, Nayak, Prabhat Kumar, Raina, Vishakha, Panda, Sandeep Kumar, Kerry, Rout George, Duttaroy, Asim K., Jena, Atala Bihari
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.01.2025; Elsevier
• Subjects: Aging; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Neurodegeneration; Neuroprotection; Oxidative stress; Review; ROS; Aging; Oxidative stress; Neuroprotection; Mitochondrial dysfunction; Neurodegeneration; ROS
• ISSN: 2211-3835; 2211-3843
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.10.004

Neuroprotection is a proactive approach to safeguarding the nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves, by preventing or limiting damage to nerve cells and other components. It primarily defends the central nervous system against injury from acute and progressive neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress, an imbalance between the body's natural defense mechanisms and the generation of reactive oxygen species, is crucial in developing neurological disorders. Due to its high metabolic rate and oxygen consumption, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress. Excessive ROS damages the essential biomolecules, leading to cellular malfunction and neurodegeneration. Several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and ischemic stroke, are associated with oxidative stress. Understanding the impact of oxidative stress in these conditions is crucial for developing new treatment methods. Researchers are exploring using antioxidants and other molecules to mitigate oxidative stress, aiming to prevent or slow down the progression of brain diseases. By understanding the intricate interplay between oxidative stress and neurological disorders, scientists hope to pave the way for innovative therapeutic and preventive approaches, ultimately improving individuals' living standards. Oxidative stress triggers a catastrophic cascade: mitochondrial dysfunction, neuronal death, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration, leading to devastating neurodegenerative diseases, necessitating advanced therapies to halt this destructive process. [Display omitted]