High Dietary Fat and Selenium Concentrations Exert Tissue- and Glutathione Peroxidase 1–Dependent Impacts on Lipid Metabolism of Young-Adult Mice

• Published in: The Journal of nutrition Vol. 150; no. 7; pp. 1738 - 1748
• Main Authors: Zhao, Zeping, Kim, Jonggun, Lei, Xin Gen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.07.2020; Oxford University Press; American Institute of Nutrition
• Subjects: Adipose tissue; Animal Feed - analysis; Animals; Biochemical, Molecular, and Genetic Mechanisms; Biomarkers; Body weight; Cell cycle; Corn oil; Diet; Diet - veterinary; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Dietary minerals; Fat metabolism; Gene expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - drug effects; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; Glutathione Peroxidase - genetics; Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism; Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1; Hepatocytes; Intakes; Lipid metabolism; Lipid Metabolism - drug effects; Lipids; Lipogenesis; Liver; Male; Metabolism; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Oils & fats; Peroxidase; Selenium; Selenium - administration & dosage; Selenium - pharmacology; Sodium selenite; Sucrose; Sugar; Transcription; Variance analysis; Yeast; Young adults; transcription; Myod; Ccng1; Elovl1–6; JNK; SELENOF; lipogenesis; Selenoh—Selenox; Gr; mice; GPX; P65; Dio1–3; Fads1; Hoxa5; selenium; NEFA; Fasn; Nf1; Hes1; Scd1; SREBP1; C-JUN; Pgc1; Gpx4; KO; Cpt1; Actb; TC; Se; TF; TG; P38; Klhdc1; Fatp; metabolism; Cd36; GAPDH; HF
• ISSN: 0022-3166; 1541-6100; 1541-6100
• DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa130

Excessive dietary selenium (Se; 3 mg/kg) or fat (>25%) intakes and overproduction of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) adversely affect body lipid metabolism. The objective was to reveal impacts and mechanisms of a moderately high Se and a high fat intake on lipid metabolism in Gpx1 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. The KO and WT mice (males, 12-wk-old, body weight = 24.8 ± 0.703 g) were allotted to 4 groups each (n = 5) and fed a sucrose-torula yeast basal diet (5% corn oil) supplemented with 0.3 or 1.0 mg (+Se) Se/kg (as sodium selenite) and 0% or 25% [high-fat (HF)] lard for 6 wk. Multiple physiological and molecular biomarkers (68) related to lipid metabolism and selenogenome expression in plasma, liver, and/or adipose tissue were analyzed by 2-way (+Se by HF) ANOVA. Compared with the control diet, the +Se diet decreased (P 0.05) body-weight gain and plasma and liver concentrations of lipids (22–66%) but elevated (⁤1.5-fold,P < 0.05) adipose tissue concentrations of lipids in the WT mice. The +Se diet up- and downregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA and/or protein concentrations of factors related to lipogenesis, selenogenome, and transcription, stress, and cell cycle in the liver (26% to 176-fold) and adipose tissues (14% to 1-fold), respectively, compared with the control diet in the WT mice. Many of these +Se diet effects were different (P < 0.05) from those of the HF diet and were eliminated or altered(P < 0.05) by the KO. The +Se and HF diets exerted tissue-specific and GPX1 expression–dependent impacts on lipid metabolism and related gene expression in the young-adult mice. Our findings will help reveal metabolic potential and underlying mechanisms of supplementing moderately high Se to subjects with HF intakes.