Organic farming affects the biological control of hemipteran pests and yields in spring barley independent of landscape complexity

• Published in: Landscape ecology Vol. 31; no. 3; pp. 567 - 579
• Main Authors: Birkhofer, K, Arvidsson, F, Ehlers, D, Mader, V. L, Bengtsson, J, Smith, H. G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.03.2016; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Agricultural Science; Aphididae; Aphidoidea; Arthropoda; arthropods; Auchenorrhyncha; Barley; Biological control; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Cereals; Community composition; community structure; Crop yield; Ecology; Ecosystems; Ekologi; Environmental Management; grain yield; Hemiptera; Hordeum vulgare; insects; Jordbruksvetenskap; Landscape Ecology; Landscape/Regional and Urban Planning; landscapes; Life Sciences; natural enemies; Nature Conservation; Organic farming; organic production; Parasitism; Pasture; pastures; Pest control; Pests; predation; Research Article; spring barley; Studies; Sustainable Development; Trophic relationships; Sweden; Aphididae; Yield; Araneae; Auchenorrhyncha; Ecosystem service; Dryinidae
• ISSN: 0921-2973; 1572-9761; 1572-9761
• DOI: 10.1007/s10980-015-0263-8

CONTEXT: Hemipteran pests cause significant yield losses in European cereal fields. It has been suggested that local management interventions to promote natural enemies are most successful in simple landscapes that are dominated by large arable fields. OBJECTIVES: We study how farming category (conventional, new and old organic fields) and landscape complexity affect pests, natural enemies and biological control services in spring barley. We further analyse if yields are related to pest infestation or biological control services. METHODS: The amount of pasture and the length of field borders were used to define landscape complexity around barley fields in Southern Sweden. Arthropods were sampled with an insect suction sampler and predation and parasitism services were estimated by field observations and inspections of pest individuals. RESULTS: Pest infestation was affected by landscape complexity, with higher aphid, but lower leafhopper numbers in more complex landscapes. Aphid predation was higher under organic farming and affected by effects on predator abundance and community composition independent of landscape complexity. Auchenorrhyncha parasitism was neither significantly affected by landscape complexity nor by farming category. Higher aphid predation rates and lower aphid densities were characteristic for organically managed fields with higher barley yields. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that it is possible to increase both aphid biological control services and barley yield via local management effects on predator communities independent of landscape complexity. However, the success of such management practices is highly dependent on the pest and natural enemy taxa and the nature of the trophic interaction.