Osteopontin: A Bone-Derived Protein Involved in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Immunopathology

• Published in: Biomolecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 3; p. 502
• Main Authors: Martín-Márquez, Beatriz Teresita, Sandoval-García, Flavio, Corona-Meraz, Fernanda Isadora, Martínez-García, Erika Aurora, Sánchez-Hernández, Pedro Ernesto, Salazar-Páramo, Mario, Fletes-Rayas, Ana Lilia, González-Inostroz, Daniel, Vazquez-Del Mercado, Monica
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.03.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Angiogenesis; Animal models; Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - metabolism; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - pathology; Bone remodeling; Cancer; Cartilage; Cartilage diseases; Cell adhesion & migration; Degeneration; Development and progression; Disease; Extracellular matrix; Genes; Glycoproteins; Health aspects; Humans; Immune system; joint and cartilage degeneration; Kinases; Medical prognosis; Neutrophils; Osteoarthritis; Osteoarthritis - metabolism; Osteoarthritis - pathology; Osteopontin; Osteopontin - metabolism; Phosphoglycoprotein; Phosphorylation; Physiology; Proteins; Proteolysis; Review; Rheumatoid arthritis; Rheumatology; Synovial Membrane - metabolism; Mexico; joint and cartilage degeneration; rheumatoid arthritis; osteoarthritis; osteopontin
• ISSN: 2218-273X; 2218-273X
• DOI: 10.3390/biom13030502

Osteopontin (OPN) is a bone-derived phosphoglycoprotein related to physiological and pathological mechanisms that nowadays has gained relevance due to its role in the immune system response to chronic degenerative diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). OPN is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that plays a critical role in bone remodeling. Therefore, it is an effector molecule that promotes joint and cartilage destruction observed in clinical studies, in vitro assays, and animal models of RA and OA. Since OPN undergoes multiple modifications, including posttranslational changes, proteolytic cleavage, and binding to a wide range of receptors, the mechanisms by which it produces its effects, in some cases, remain unclear. Although there is strong evidence that OPN contributes significantly to the immunopathology of RA and OA when considering it as a common denominator molecule, some experimental trial results argue for its protective role in rheumatic diseases. Elucidating in detail OPN involvement in bone and cartilage degeneration is of interest to the field of rheumatology. This review aims to provide evidence of the OPN's multifaceted role in promoting joint and cartilage destruction and propose it as a common denominator of AR and OA immunopathology.