Age-Dependent Modification of Intracellular Zn2+ Buffering in the Hippocampus and Its Impact

• Published in: Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol. 42; no. 7; pp. 1070 - 1075
• Main Authors: Tamano, Haruna, Takeda, Atsushi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Tokyo The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 01.07.2019; Pharmaceutical Society of Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency
• Subjects: Age; aging; Amyloid; Calcium (extracellular); Calcium (intracellular); Calcium ions; Cognitive ability; Hippocampus; Intracellular; Metallothionein; Neurodegeneration; Zinc; Zn2; Zn2+ buffering; ZnAF-2DA
• ISSN: 0918-6158; 1347-5215
• DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00631

The basal concentrations of extracellular Zn2+ and intracellular Zn2+, which are approximately 10 nM and 100 pM, respectively, in the brain, are markedly lower than those of extracellular Ca2+ (1.3 mM) and intracellular Ca2+ (100 nM), respectively, resulting in much less attention paid to Zn2+ than to Ca2+. However, intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation, which is closely linked with glutamate- and amyloid β-mediated extracellular Zn2+ influx, is more critical for cognitive decline and neurodegeneration than intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation. It is estimated that the age-dependent increase in the basal concentration of extracellular Zn2+ in the hippocampus plays a key role in cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. The characteristics of extracellular Zn2+ influx in the hippocampus may be modified age-dependently, probably followed by modification of intracellular Zn2+ buffering that is closely linked with age-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Reduction of intracellular Zn2+-buffering capacity may be linked with the pathophysiology of progressive neurodegeneration such as Alzheimer’s disease. This paper deals with age-dependent modification of intracellular Zn2+ buffering in the hippocampus and its impact. On the basis of the estimated impact, we propose a potential defense strategy against Zn2+-mediated neurodegeneration, i.e., metallothionein induction in the hippocampus.