Hepatic Energy Metabolism under the Local Control of the Thyroid Hormone System

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 5; p. 4861
• Main Authors: Seifert, Joshua, Chen, Yingfu, Schöning, Wenzel, Mai, Knut, Tacke, Frank, Spranger, Joachim, Köhrle, Josef, Wirth, Eva Katrin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.03.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Biosynthesis; Cell culture; Cholesterol; deiodinase; DNA binding proteins; Energy balance; Energy consumption; Energy Metabolism; Energy resources; Fasting; Fatty liver; Gene expression; Gene regulation; Genetic transcription; Glucose metabolism; Homeostasis; Hormones; Humans; Hypothalamus; Kinases; Lipid metabolism; Lipid Metabolism - physiology; Lipids; Liver; Liver - metabolism; Liver diseases; Metabolic pathways; Metabolism; Metabolites; Mutation; NAFLD; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - metabolism; Nuclear receptors; Physiological aspects; Proteins; Review; Reviews; Thyroid gland; Thyroid hormones; Thyroid Hormones - metabolism; Transcription factors; Germany; T4; NAFLD; lipid metabolism; cholesterol; energy metabolism; T3; deiodinase
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054861

The energy homeostasis of the organism is orchestrated by a complex interplay of energy substrate shuttling, breakdown, storage, and distribution. Many of these processes are interconnected via the liver. Thyroid hormones (TH) are well known to provide signals for the regulation of energy homeostasis through direct gene regulation via their nuclear receptors acting as transcription factors. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the effects of nutritional intervention like fasting and diets on the TH system. In parallel, we detail direct effects of TH in liver metabolic pathways with regards to glucose, lipid, and cholesterol metabolism. This overview on hepatic effects of TH provides the basis for understanding the complex regulatory network and its translational potential with regards to currently discussed treatment options of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) involving TH mimetics.