Dual-Action Effect of Gallium and Silver Providing Osseointegration and Antibacterial Properties to Calcium Titanate Coatings on Porous Titanium Implants

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 10; p. 8762
• Main Authors: Rodríguez-Contreras, Alejandra, Torres, Diego, Piñera-Avellaneda, David, Pérez-Palou, Lluís, Ortiz-Hernández, Mònica, Ginebra, María Pau, Calero, José Antonio, Manero, José María, Rupérez, Elisa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 15.05.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - chemistry; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibacterial activity; Antibacterial agents; Antimicrobial agents; Bacterial infections; Biocompatibility; Biological activity; Biological products; Biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Calcium titanate; Cell adhesion; Cell differentiation; Chloride; Coated Materials, Biocompatible - chemistry; Coated Materials, Biocompatible - pharmacology; Coatings; Cytotoxicity; Differentiation (biology); Doping; Electron microscopes; Gallium; Gallium - pharmacology; Health aspects; Hydrogenation; Implants, Artificial; Lattice theory; Metabolism; Microorganisms; Mineralization; Nanoparticles; Nitrates; Nosocomial infections; Orthopaedic implants; Orthopedics; Osseointegration; Pathogens; Perovskite; Porosity; porous structures; Prosthesis; Severe acute respiratory syndrome; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Silver; Silver - chemistry; Silver - pharmacology; Surface Properties; Surgical implants; Titanium - chemistry; Titanium - pharmacology; titanium implants; Transplants & implants; Spain; antibacterial activity; coatings; titanium implants; 3D-printing; porous structures; silver; biomaterials; gallium
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108762

Previously, functional coatings on 3D-printed titanium implants were developed to improve their biointegration by separately incorporating Ga and Ag on the biomaterial surface. Now, a thermochemical treatment modification is proposed to study the effect of their simultaneous incorporation. Different concentrations of AgNO and Ga(NO ) are evaluated, and the obtained surfaces are completely characterized. Ion release, cytotoxicity, and bioactivity studies complement the characterization. The provided antibacterial effect of the surfaces is analyzed, and cell response is assessed by the study of SaOS-2 cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. The Ti surface doping is confirmed by the formation of Ga-containing Ca titanates and nanoparticles of metallic Ag within the titanate coating. The surfaces generated with all combinations of AgNO and Ga(NO ) concentrations show bioactivity. The bacterial assay confirms a strong bactericidal impact achieved by the effect of both Ga and Ag present on the surface, especially for , one of the main pathogens involved in orthopedic implant failures. SaOS-2 cells adhere and proliferate on the Ga/Ag-doped Ti surfaces, and the presence of gallium favors cell differentiation. The dual effect of both metallic agents doping the titanium surface provides bioactivity while protecting the biomaterial from the most frequent pathogens in implantology.