Height Fluctuations and Surface Gradients in Topographic Measurements
Topographic maps are composed of pixels associated with coordinates ( , , ) on a surface. Each pixel location ( , ) is linked with fluctuations in a measured height sample ( ). Fluctuations here are uncertainties in heights estimated from multiple topographic measurements at the same position. Heigh...
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Published in | Materials Vol. 16; no. 15; p. 5408 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
Switzerland
MDPI AG
01.08.2023
MDPI |
Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Topographic maps are composed of pixels associated with coordinates (
,
,
) on a surface. Each pixel location (
,
) is linked with fluctuations in a measured height sample (
). Fluctuations here are uncertainties in heights estimated from multiple topographic measurements at the same position. Height samples (
) are measured at individual locations (
,
) in topographic measurements and compared with gradients on topographies. Here, gradients are slopes on a surface calculated at the scale of the sampling interval from inclination angles of vectors that are normal to triangular facets formed by adjacent height samples (
=
(
,
)). Similarities between maps of gradients logs and height fluctuations are apparent. This shows that the fluctuations are exponentially dependent on local surface gradients. The highest fluctuations correspond to tool/material interactions for turned surfaces and to regions of maximum plastic deformation for sandblasted surfaces. Finally, for abraded, heterogeneous, multilayer surfaces, fluctuations are dependent on both abrasion and light/sub-layer interactions. It appears that the natures of irregular surface topographies govern fluctuation regimes, and that regions which are indicative of surface functionality, or integrity, can have the highest fluctuations. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
ISSN: | 1996-1944 1996-1944 |
DOI: | 10.3390/ma16155408 |