Insight into the beneficial immunomodulatory mechanism of the sevoflurane metabolite hexafluoro‐2‐propanol in a rat model of endotoxaemia

• Published in: Clinical and experimental immunology Vol. 181; no. 3; pp. 468 - 479
• Main Authors: Urner, M., Schläpfer, M., Herrmann, I. K., Hasler, M., Schimmer, R. R., Booy, C., Roth Z'graggen, B., Rehrauer, H., Aigner, F., Minshall, R. D., Stark, W. J., Beck‐Schimmer, B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Oxford University Press 01.09.2015; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
• Subjects: Adjuvants, Immunologic - pharmacology; anaesthesia; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cytokines - genetics; Cytokines - metabolism; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelial Cells - metabolism; Endotoxemia - metabolism; Endotoxemia - prevention & control; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; fluorinated carbon groups; Gene expression; Gene Expression - drug effects; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; inflammation; Inflammation - blood; Inflammation - metabolism; Inflammation - prevention & control; Inflammation Mediators - blood; Inflammation Mediators - metabolism; interleukin; Kidney - drug effects; Kidney - metabolism; Kidney - pathology; Linear Models; Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology; Liver - drug effects; Liver - metabolism; Liver - pathology; Male; Methyl Ethers - metabolism; Neutrophils - drug effects; Neutrophils - metabolism; Propanols - metabolism; Propanols - pharmacology; Rats, Wistar; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rodents; sepsis; Shock, Septic - blood; Shock, Septic - chemically induced; Shock, Septic - prevention & control; Translational; interleukin; inflammation; sepsis; anaesthesia; fluorinated carbon groups
• ISSN: 0009-9104; 1365-2249
• DOI: 10.1111/cei.12648

Summary Volatile anaesthetics such as sevoflurane attenuate inflammatory processes, thereby impacting patient outcome significantly. Their inhalative administration is, however, strictly limited to controlled environments such as operating theatres, and thus an intravenously injectable immunomodulatory drug would offer distinct advantages. As protective effects of volatile anaesthetics have been associated with the presence of trifluorinated carbon groups in their basic structure, in this study we investigated the water‐soluble sevoflurane metabolite hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) as a potential immunomodulatory drug in a rat model of endotoxic shock. Male Wistar rats were subjected to intravenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and thereafter were treated with HFIP. Plasma and tissue inflammatory mediators, neutrophil invasion, tissue damage and haemodynamic stability were the dedicated end‐points. In an endotoxin‐induced endothelial cell injury model, underlying mechanisms were elucidated using gene expression and gene reporter analyses. HFIP reduced the systemic inflammatory response significantly and decreased endotoxin‐induced tissue damage. Additionally, the LPS‐provoked drop in blood pressure of animals was resolved by HFIP treatment. Pathway analysis revealed that the observed attenuation of the inflammatory process was associated with reduced nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κΒ) activation and suppression of its dependent transcripts. Taken together, intravenous administration of HFIP exerts promising immunomodulatory effects in endotoxaemic rats. The possibility of intravenous administration would overcome limitations of volatile anaesthetics, and thus HFIP might therefore represent an interesting future drug candidate for states of severe inflammation.