Characterization of Stability and Nasal Delivery Systems for Immunization with Nanoemulsion-Based Vaccines

• Published in: Journal of aerosol medicine Vol. 23; no. 2; pp. 77 - 89
• Main Authors: MAKIDON, Paul E, NIGAVEKAR, Shraddha S, BIELINSKA, Anna U, MANK, Nicholas, SHETTY, Abhishek M, SUMAN, Julie, KNOWLTON, Jessica, MYC, Andrzej, ROOK, Trent, BAKER, James R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Rochelle, NY Mary Ann Liebert 01.04.2010; Mary Ann Liebert, Inc
• Subjects: Administration, Intranasal; Aerosols; Alkaline Phosphatase - administration & dosage; Alkaline Phosphatase - chemistry; Alkaline Phosphatase - immunology; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Dosage and administration; Drug delivery systems; Drug Stability; Drug Storage; Drugs; Emulsions; Excipients - chemistry; Female; General pharmacology; Health aspects; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - administration & dosage; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - chemistry; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens - immunology; Medical sciences; Methods; Mice; Nanoparticles; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Original Research; Ovalbumin - administration & dosage; Ovalbumin - chemistry; Ovalbumin - immunology; Particle Size; Pharmaceutical technology. Pharmaceutical industry; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Sodium Chloride - chemistry; Swine; Vaccination; Vaccines; Vaccines - administration & dosage; Vaccines - immunology; Vehicles; United States; Delivery system; aerosol transport and deposition; Immunization; Sprayer; Stability; Pharmaceutical technology; Nanoemulsion; Vaccine; Intranasal administration; nasal sprayer devices; Characterization; effects of actuation; mucosal adjuvant; nasal delivery of vaccines; Aerosols; Adjuvant; Transport; Physicochemical properties; Deposition
• ISSN: 1941-2711; 1941-2703; 1941-2703
• DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2009.0766

Many infectious diseases that cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially in the developing world, could be preventable through vaccination. The effort to produce safe, thermally stable, and needle-free mucosal vaccines has become increasingly important for global health considerations. We have previously demonstrated that a thermally stable nanoemulsion, a mucosal adjuvant for needle-free nasal immunization, is safe and induces protective immunity with a variety of antigens, including recombinant protein. The successful use of nanoemulsion-based vaccines, however, poses numerous challenges. Among the challenges is optimization of the formulation to maintain thermal stability and potency and another is accuracy and efficiency of dispensing the vaccines to the nasal mucosa in the anterior and turbinate region of the nasal cavity or potentially to the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue. We have examined the effects of different diluents [phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 0.9% NaCl] on the stability and potency of nanoemulsion-based vaccines. In addition, we have determined the efficiency of delivering them using commercially available nasal spray devices (Pfeiffer SAP-62602 multidose pump and the BD Hypak SCF 0.5 ml unit dose Accuspray(TM)). We report the stability and potency of PBS-diluted ovalbumin-nanomeulsion mixtures for up to 8 months and NaCl-diluted mixtures up to 6 months when stored at room temperature. Significant differences in spray characteristics including droplet size, spray angle, plume width, and ovality ratios were observed between the two pumps. Further, we have demonstrated that the nanoemulsion-based vaccines are not physically or chemically altered and retain potency following actuation with nasal spray devices. Using either device, the measured spray characteristics suggest deposition of nanoemulsion-based vaccines in inductive tissues located in the anterior region of the nasal cavity. The results of this study suggest that nanoemulsion-based vaccines do not require specially engineered delivery devices and support their potential use as nasopharyngeal vaccine adjuvants.