Graft-versus-Host Disease Modulation by Innate T Cells

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 4; p. 4084
• Main Authors: Fang, Ying, Zhu, Yichen, Kramer, Adam, Chen, Yuning, Li, Yan-Ruide, Yang, Lili
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.02.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Antigens; Antithymocyte globulin; Cancer immunotherapy; Cells; Cytokines; gamma delta T (γδ T) cell; Graft versus host disease; Graft vs Host Disease - etiology; graft-versus-host disease (GvHD); Graft-versus-host reaction; Granulocytes; GvHD modulation; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation - adverse effects; Humans; Immunotherapy; Immunotherapy - adverse effects; innate T cell; invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell; Invariants; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Major histocompatibility complex; Microbiota; mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell; Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells; Natural killer cells; Natural Killer T-Cells; Pathogens; Review; Stem cell research; Stem cell transplantation; Stem cells; T cells; Transplantation; Transplants & implants; Vitamin B; innate T cell; graft-versus-host disease (GvHD); mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell; T-cell receptor (TCR); invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell; major histocompatibility complex (MHC); gamma delta T (γδ T) cell; GvHD modulation
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044084

Allogeneic cell therapies, defined by genetically mismatched transplantation, have the potential to become a cost-effective solution for cell-based cancer immunotherapy. However, this type of therapy is often accompanied by the development of graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), induced by the mismatched major histocompatibility complex (MHC) between healthy donors and recipients, leading to severe complications and death. To address this issue and increase the potential for allogeneic cell therapies in clinical practice, minimizing GvHD is a crucial challenge. Innate T cells, encompassing subsets of T lymphocytes including mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, and gamma delta T (γδ T) cells, offer a promising solution. These cells express MHC-independent T-cell receptors (TCRs), allowing them to avoid MHC recognition and thus GvHD. This review examines the biology of these three innate T-cell populations, evaluates research on their roles in GvHD modulation and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo HSCT), and explores the potential futures for these therapies.