Mesoporous Bioactive Nanoparticles for Bone Tissue Applications

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 24; no. 4; p. 3249
• Main Authors: Arcos, Daniel, Portolés, María Teresa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.02.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Aerosols; Analytical chemistry; bioactivity; Bioglass; Biological activity; Bone and Bones; Bone cancer; Bone composition; Bone grafts; Bone growth; Bone Regeneration; Bones; Care and treatment; cellular response; Chemical elements; Chemical properties; Drug delivery; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug development; Drugs; Glass - chemistry; Health aspects; Immunosuppressive agents; In vivo methods and tests; mesoporous nanoparticles; Methods; Nanomaterials; Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nanostructures; Nanotechnology; Osteoporosis; Particle size; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Porosity; Regeneration; Regeneration (physiology); Review; Sol-gel processes; Substitute bone; Technology application; therapeutic ions; Tissue engineering; Ultrasonic imaging; Vehicles; Spain; cellular response; therapeutic ions; bioactivity; in vivo studies; bone regeneration; drug delivery; mesoporous nanoparticles
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043249

Research in nanomaterials with applications in bone regeneration therapies has experienced a very significant advance with the development of bioactive mesoporous nanoparticles (MBNPs). These nanomaterials consist of small spherical particles that exhibit chemical properties and porous structures that stimulate bone tissue regeneration, since they have a composition similar to that of conventional sol-gel bioactive glasses and high specific surface area and porosity values. The rational design of mesoporosity and their ability to incorporate drugs make MBNPs an excellent tool for the treatment of bone defects, as well as the pathologies that cause them, such as osteoporosis, bone cancer, and infection, among others. Moreover, the small size of MBNPs allows them to penetrate inside the cells, provoking specific cellular responses that conventional bone grafts cannot perform. In this review, different aspects of MBNPs are comprehensively collected and discussed, including synthesis strategies, behavior as drug delivery systems, incorporation of therapeutic ions, formation of composites, specific cellular response and, finally, in vivo studies that have been performed to date.