Plant-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Trifolium resupinatum seed exudate and their antifungal efficacy on Neofusicoccum parvum and Rhizoctonia solani

• Published in: IET nanobiotechnology Vol. 10; no. 4; pp. 237 - 243
• Main Authors: Khatami, Mehrdad, Nejad, Meysam Soltani, Salari, Samira, Almani, Pooya Ghasemi Nejad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States The Institution of Engineering and Technology 01.08.2016
• Subjects: antifungal activity; Antifungal Agents - administration & dosage; Antifungal Agents - chemical synthesis; antifungal efficacy; biological techniques; biosynthesis; botany; Cell Survival - drug effects; Effectiveness; Exudation; Fourier transform infrared spectra; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Fungi; Fungi - drug effects; Fungi - physiology; Green Chemistry Technology - methods; Materials Testing; Metal Nanoparticles - administration & dosage; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; nanobiotechnology; Nanoparticles; Neofusicoccum parvum; Plant Extracts - administration & dosage; Plant Extracts - chemistry; plant‐mediated green synthesis; plant‐pathogenic fungi; Rhizoctonia solani; Seeds; Seeds - chemistry; Silver; Silver - administration & dosage; Silver - chemistry; silver nanoparticles; Species Specificity; Spectroscopy; TEM images; temperature 293 K to 298 K; Transmission electron microscopy; Treatment Outcome; Trifolium; Trifolium - chemistry; Trifolium - classification; Trifolium resupinatum; Trifolium resupinatum seed exudate; ultraviolet spectra; ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy; visible spectra; XRD analysis; X‐ray diffraction; antifungal efficacy; Neofusicoccum parvum; Fourier transform infrared spectra; Ag; botany; X-ray diffraction; visible spectra; nanoparticles; plant-pathogenic fungi; biosynthesis; Rhizoctonia solani; biological techniques; transmission electron microscopy; ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy; XRD analysis; nanobiotechnology; antifungal activity; Trifolium resupinatum seed exudate; plant-mediated green synthesis; ultraviolet spectra; silver nanoparticles; silver; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; TEM images; temperature 293 K to 298 K
• ISSN: 1751-8741; 1751-875X; 1751-875X
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0078

In recent years, biosynthesis and the utilisation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has become an interesting subject. In this study, the authors investigated the biosynthesis of AgNPs using Trifolium resupinatum (Persian clover) seed exudates. The characterisation of AgNPs were analysed using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy. Also, antifungal efficacy of biogenic AgNPs against two important plant-pathogenic fungi (Rhizoctonia solani and Neofusicoccum Parvum) in vitro condition was evaluated. The XRD analysis showed that the AgNPs are crystalline in nature and have face-centred cubic geometry. TEM images revealed the spherical shape of the AgNPs with an average size of 17 nm. The synthesised AgNPs were formed at room temperature and kept stable for 4 months. The maximum distributions of the synthesised AgNPs were seen to range in size from 5 to 10 nm. The highest inhibition effect was observed against R. solani at 40 ppm concentration of AgNPs (94.1%) followed by N. parvum (84%). The results showed that the antifungal activity of AgNPs was dependent on the amounts of AgNPs. In conclusion, the AgNPs obtained from T. resupinatum seed exudate exhibit good antifungal activity against the pathogenic fungi R. solani and N. Parvum.