Structural Characterization and Spatial Mapping of Tetrodotoxins in Australian Polyclads

• Published in: Marine drugs Vol. 20; no. 12; p. 788
• Main Authors: McNab, Justin M., Briggs, Matthew T., Williamson, Jane E., Hoffmann, Peter, Rodriguez, Jorge, Karuso, Peter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 19.12.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Analogs; Animals; Aquaculture; Aquatic invertebrates; Australia; Bioaccumulation; Bioassays; Chromatography; Control; Ecosystem; flatworm; Flatworms; Gobiiformes; Health aspects; HILIC-HRMS; intestines; Ions; Japan; littoral zone; MALDI-MSI; Marine fishes; Marine molluscs; Marine toxins; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry; Metabolites; Natural products; Neurotoxins; New Zealand; pests; Platyhelminthes; Platyhelminths - chemistry; Polycladida; Polyculture (aquaculture); Predation; Qualitative research; Scientific imaging; Shellfish; Shellfish culture; Sodium; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Structural analysis; Tetraodontidae; Tetrodotoxin; Tetrodotoxin - chemistry; toxicity; Toxins; Australia; New Zealand; Polycladida; tetrodotoxin; HILIC-HRMS; MALDI-MSI; flatworm

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent marine neurotoxin that occurs in several Australian phyla, including pufferfish, toadfish, gobies, and the blue-ringed octopus. These animals are partially immune, and TTX is known to bioaccumulate and subject to trophic transfer. As such, it could be more ubiquitously...