The Role of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP1) in Type 3 Diabetes: GLP-1 Controls Insulin Resistance, Neuroinflammation and Neurogenesis in the Brain

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 18; no. 11; p. 2493
• Main Authors: Bae, Choon Sang, Song, Juhyun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 22.11.2017; MDPI
• Subjects: Alzheimer's disease; Alzheimer’s disease (AD); Amyloid; Amyloid beta (Aβ); Dementia disorders; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus; diabetes-induced dementia; Glucagon; glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1); Glucagon-like peptide 1; Glucose; Glucose metabolism; Inflammation; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Learning; Memory; Metabolism; Neurogenesis; Peptides; Review; type 3 diabetes; Alzheimer’s disease (AD); type 3 diabetes; insulin resistance; diabetes-induced dementia; glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP-1); Amyloid beta (Aβ)
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112493

Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein and neuroinflammation, is the most common neurodegenerative disease globally. Previous studies have reported that some AD patients show impaired glucose utilization in brain, leading to cognitive decline. Recently, diabetes-induced dementia has been called "type 3 diabetes", based on features in common with those of type 2 diabetes and the progression of AD. Impaired glucose uptake and insulin resistance in the brain are important issues in type 3 diabetes, because these problems ultimately aggravate memory dysfunction in the brain. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) has been known to act as a critical controller of the glucose metabolism. Several studies have demonstrated that GLP-1 alleviates learning and memory dysfunction by enhancing the regulation of glucose in the AD brain. However, the specific actions of GLP-1 in the AD brain are not fully understood. Here, we review evidences related to the role of GLP-1 in type 3 diabetes.