Inhibition of Sodium Glucose Cotransporters Improves Cardiac Performance

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 20; no. 13; p. 3289
• Main Authors: García-Ropero, Álvaro, Vargas-Delgado, Ariana P, Santos-Gallego, Carlos G, Badimon, Juan J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 04.07.2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Adenosine triphosphate; Animals; Apoptosis; Carbohydrates; Cardiac function; cardiac metabolism; Cardiomyocytes; Cardiomyopathy; Cardiovascular disease; Coronary artery disease; Diabetes; Energy; Energy Metabolism; Fibrosis; Flexibility; Glucose; Glucose metabolism; Glycolysis; Growth factors; Heart diseases; Heart failure; Humans; Impact damage; Inflammation; Inflammatory response; Ischemia; ischemia reperfusion injury; Kinases; Macrophages; Metabolic pathways; Metabolism; Metabolites; Mitochondria; Models, Biological; Mortality; Myocardial ischemia; Myocardium - metabolism; Oxidation; Oxidative metabolism; Oxidative stress; Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; Phosphorylation; Reperfusion; Review; Sodium; sodium-glucose cotransporter; Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors; TLR4 protein; Toll-like receptors; Transforming growth factor-b; Treatment Outcome; Workloads; heart failure; sodium-glucose cotransporter; ischemia reperfusion injury; cardiac metabolism
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133289

The sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT) inhibitors represent a new alternative for treating patients with diabetes mellitus. They act primarily by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the renal tubule and therefore, decreasing blood glucose levels. While little is yet known about SGLT subtype 1, SGLT2 inhibitors have demonstrated to significantly reduce cardiovascular mortality and heart failure hospitalizations. This cardioprotective benefit seems to be independent of their glucose-lowering properties; however, the underlying mechanism(s) remains still unclear and numerous hypotheses have been postulated to date. Moreover, preclinical research has suggested an important role of SGLT1 receptors on myocardial ischemia. Following acute phase of cardiac injury there is an increased activity of SGLT1 cotransport that ensures adequate energy supply to the cardiac cells. Nonetheless, a long-term upregulation of this receptor may not be that beneficial and whether its inhibition is positive or not should be further addressed. This review aims to present the most cutting-edge insights into SGLT receptors.