PARP1 in Carcinomas and PARP1 Inhibitors as Antineoplastic Drugs

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 18; no. 10; p. 2111
• Main Authors: Wang, Luyao, Liang, Chao, Li, Fangfei, Guan, Daogang, Wu, Xiaoqiu, Fu, Xuekun, Lu, Aiping, Zhang, Ge
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 08.10.2017; MDPI
• Subjects: Angiogenesis; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use; Antineoplastic drugs; Biological activity; Breast cancer; Cancer therapies; Carcinoma; carcinomas; Cell Line, Tumor; Chemotherapy; Clinical trials; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA repair; Drug development; Enzymes; Humans; Inhibitors; Medical prognosis; Medical research; Medicine; Metastases; Metastasis; Neoplasm Metastasis - drug therapy; Neoplasm Metastasis - pathology; Nervous system; Ovarian cancer; PARP1; PARP1 inhibitors; Pediatrics; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 - metabolism; Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; Prostate; Proteins; Review; Ribose; Sarcoma; Transcription; Tumors; PARP1 inhibitors; PARP1; carcinomas
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102111

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), the best-studied isoform of the nuclear enzyme PARP family, plays a pivotal role in cellular biological processes, such as DNA repair, gene transcription, and so on. PARP1 has been found to be overexpressed in various carcinomas. These all indicate the clinical potential of PARP1 as a therapeutic target of human malignancies. Additionally, multiple preclinical research studies and clinical trials demonstrate that inhibition of PARP1 can repress tumor growth and metastasis. Up until now, PARP1 inhibitors are clinically used not only for monotherapy to suppress various tumors, but also for adjuvant therapy, to maintain or enhance therapeutic effects of mature antineoplastic drugs, as well as protect patients from chemotherapy and surgery-induced injury. To supply a framework for understanding recent research progress of PARP1 in carcinomas, we review the structure, expression, functions, and mechanisms of PARP1, and summarize the clinically mature PARP1-related anticancer agents, to provide some ideas for the development of other promising PARP1 inhibitors in antineoplastic therapy.