Saliva/Pathogen Biomarker Signatures and Periodontal Disease Progression

• Published in: Journal of dental research Vol. 90; no. 6; pp. 752 - 758
• Main Authors: Kinney, J.S., Morelli, T., Braun, T., Ramseier, C.A., Herr, A.E., Sugai, J.V., Shelburne, C.E., Rayburn, L.A., Singh, A.K., Giannobile, W.V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.06.2011; International Association for Dental Research; SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
• Subjects: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Biofilms; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - analysis; Bone turnover; Chi-Square Distribution; Chronic Periodontitis - blood; Chronic Periodontitis - diagnosis; Cluster Analysis; Dental Plaque - microbiology; diagnosis; Disease Progression; DNA, Bacterial - analysis; Facial bones, jaws, teeth, parodontium: diseases, semeiology; Female; Gingiva - chemistry; Gingivitis - blood; Gingivitis - diagnosis; Gum disease; Humans; Inflammation; Linear Models; Male; Medical diagnosis; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology; Pathogens; periodontal disease; Periodontal diseases; periodontal pathogens; pro-inflammatory biomarkers; Protein Array Analysis; Protein arrays; Radiography; Research Reports; Saliva; salivary diagnostics; Statistics, Nonparametric; saliva; pro-inflammatory biomarkers; diagnosis; periodontal pathogens; periodontal disease; salivary diagnostics; Human; Prognosis; Stomatology; Dental disease; Biological marker; Dental plaque; Inflammation; Gingivitis; Periodontal disease; Evolution; Diagnosis; Saliva
• ISSN: 0022-0345; 1544-0591; 1544-0591
• DOI: 10.1177/0022034511399908

The purpose of this study was to determine the role of saliva-derived biomarkers and periodontal pathogens during periodontal disease progression (PDP). One hundred human participants were recruited into a 12-month investigation. They were seen bi-monthly for saliva and clinical measures and bi-annually for subtraction radiography, serum and plaque biofilm assessments. Saliva and serum were analyzed with protein arrays for 14 pro-inflammatory and bone turnover markers, while qPCR was used for detection of biofilm. A hierarchical clustering algorithm was used to group study participants based on clinical, microbiological, salivary/serum biomarkers, and PDP. Eighty-three individuals completed the six-month monitoring phase, with 44 exhibiting PDP, while 39 demonstrated stability. Participants assembled into three clusters based on periodontal pathogens, serum and salivary biomarkers. Cluster 1 members displayed high salivary biomarkers and biofilm; 82% of these individuals were undergoing PDP. Cluster 2 members displayed low biofilm and biomarker levels; 78% of these individuals were stable. Cluster 3 members were not discriminated by PDP status; however, cluster stratification followed groups 1 and 2 based on thresholds of salivary biomarkers and biofilm pathogens. The association of cluster membership to PDP was highly significant (p < 0.0002). The use of salivary and biofilm biomarkers offers potential for the identification of PDP or stability (ClinicalTrials.gov number, CT00277745).