Interferons and Dry Eye in Sjögren's Syndrome

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 19; no. 11; p. 3548
• Main Authors: Ogawa, Yoko, Shimizu, Eisuke, Tsubota, Kazuo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 10.11.2018; MDPI
• Subjects: animal model; Animal models; Animals; Antigens; Apoptosis; Autoimmune diseases; BLyS protein; CRISPR; Cytokines; Dendritic cells; Disease Models, Animal; dry eye; Dry Eye Syndromes - metabolism; Dry Eye Syndromes - microbiology; Dry Eye Syndromes - therapy; Exocrine glands; Eye diseases; Gene expression; Genetic modification; Humans; Inflammation; Innate immunity; Interferon; Interferon-γ; Interferons - metabolism; Interleukin 17; Kinases; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes B; Lymphocytes T; Lymphoma; Microbiota; Models, Biological; Pathogenesis; Pathogens; Review; Signal transduction; Sjogren's syndrome; Sjogren's Syndrome - metabolism; Sjogren's Syndrome - microbiology; Sjogren's Syndrome - therapy; Sjögren’s syndrome; γ-Interferon; Sjögren’s syndrome; animal model; dry eye; Interferon-γ
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113548

Various cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-17, are augmented, and autoreactive T cells and B cells are activated in the immune pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). In particular, IFNs are involved in both the early stages of innate immunity by high level of type I IFN in glandular tissue and sera and the later stages of disease progression by type I and type II IFN producing T cells and B cells through B cell activating factor in SS. Genetically modified mouse models for some of these molecules have been reported and will be discussed in this review. New findings from human SS and animal models of SS have elucidated some of the mechanisms underlying SS-related dry eye. We will discuss IFN-γ and several other molecules that represent candidate targets for treating inflammation in SS-related dry eye.