Phylodynamic and Genetic Diversity of Canine Parvovirus Type 2c in Taiwan

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 18; no. 12; p. 2703
• Main Authors: Lin, Yung-Cheng, Chiang, Shu-Yun, Wu, Hung-Yi, Lin, Jih-Hui, Chiou, Ming-Tang, Liu, Hsin-Fu, Lin, Chao-Nan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 13.12.2017; MDPI
• Subjects: Amino acids; Bayesian analysis; Biological evolution; canine parvovirus 2c; Community colleges; Demographics; Evolutionary genetics; Genetic diversity; Genomes; Mutation; Nursing; Parvoviruses; Phylodynamic; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Proteins; Time to the most recent common ancestor; Veterinary colleges; Veterinary medicine; canine parvovirus 2c; Phylodynamic; Time to the most recent common ancestor
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122703

Canine parvovirus type 2c (CPV-2c) emerged in 2000 and is known for causing a more severe disease than other CPV-2 variants in puppies. In 2015, the emerging CPV-2c variant was isolated in Taiwan and it subsequently became the predominant variant. To trace the evolution of Taiwanese CPV-2c, we compared complete VP2 genes of CPV-2c from Taiwan and sequences obtained from GenBank. The evolutionary rate of CPV-2c was estimated to be 4.586 × 10 substitutions per site per year (95% highest posterior density (HPD) was 3.284-6.076 × 10 ). The time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) dated to 1990 (95% HPD: 1984-1996) and 2011 (95% HPD: 2010-2013) for the CPV-2c variant and Taiwanese isolates, respectively. The CPV-2c variant isolated from Taiwan was clustered with CPV-2c from China. This phylogenetic clade began to branch off in approximately 2010 (95% HPD was 3.823-6.497). Notably, two unique mutations of Taiwanese CPV-2c were found, Q383R and P410L. In summary, this is the first report on the genome evolution of CPV-2c in Taiwan, revealing that this CPV-2c variant shares a common evolutionary origin with strains from China. The demographic history inferred by the Bayesian skyline plot showed that the effective population of CPV-2c increased until 2006 and then slowly declined until 2011.