Natural occurrence of type-B trichothecene mycotoxins in Korean cereal-based products

• Published in: Food additives & contaminants Part B, Surveillance communications Vol. 4; no. 2; pp. 132 - 140
• Main Authors: Ok, Hyun Ee, Choi, Sung-Wook, Chung, Soo Hyun, Kang, Young-Woon, Kim, Dong-Sul, Chun, Hyang Sook
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Abingdon Taylor & Francis Group 01.06.2011; Taylor & Francis; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol; 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol; adverse effects; average daily intake; Biological and medical sciences; Cereal and baking product industries; Cereals; cereals and grain; Chemical contaminants; Chromatography, Gas; deoxynivalenol; detection limit; Edible Grain - chemistry; Food additives; Food contamination; Food Contamination - analysis; Food industries; Food science; Food toxicology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Limit of Detection; Mycotoxins; mycotoxins, trichothecenes; Nivalenol; Republic of Korea; Side effects; Toxins; trichothecenes; Trichothecenes - analysis; Vomitoxin; Republic of Korea; South Korea; Toxin; Surveillance; mycotoxins; Cereal product; Mycotoxin; Cereal; cereals and grain; Natural; trichothecenes; Trichothecene; mycotoxins, trichothecenes
• ISSN: 1939-3229; 1939-3210; 1939-3229
• DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2011.567380

Type-B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), fusarenone-X (FUS-X), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15ADON), and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3ADON)) were determined in 338 cereal-based products. Detection limit, quantification limit and mean recovery for five toxins were in the ranges 0.7–2.6 µg kg⁻¹, 2.1–7.8 µg kg⁻¹ and 73–110%, respectively. The range of occurrence and average level in samples were, respectively, 21–88% and 5.2–121.8 µg kg⁻¹ for NIV, 10–96% and 1.7–109.5 µg kg⁻¹ for DON, 2–39% and 0.4–3.6 µg kg⁻¹ for FUS-X, 0–80% and 0–17.3 µg kg⁻¹ for 15ADON, and 0–29% and 0–1.5 µg kg⁻¹ for 3ADON. Regarding co-occurrence, 64% of samples had more than two type-B trichothecenes. The estimated daily intakes of NIV, DON, FUS-X, 15ADON, and 3ADON were 0.077, 0.048, 0.004, 0.006 and 0.002 µg kg⁻¹ bw day⁻¹, respectively. These results suggest that current exposure levels do not indicate the possibility of adverse effects, but consideration of the combined exposure of type-B trichothecenes may be required due to the high frequency of co-occurrence.