Assessment of legal adult age of 18 by measurement of open apices of the third molars: Study on the Albanian sample

• Published in: Forensic science international Vol. 245; pp. 205.e1 - 205.e5
• Main Authors: Cameriere, Roberto, Santoro, Valeria, Roca, Roberta, Lozito, Piercarlo, Introna, Francesco, Cingolani, Mariano, Galić, Ivan, Ferrante, Luigi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01.12.2014; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: adolescence; Adolescent; adults; Age; Age Determination by Teeth - methods; Age estimation; Albania; confidence interval; Criminal liability; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cut-off; Female; females; Foreign residents; Forensic Anthropology Population Data; Forensic sciences; Humans; juveniles; Legal medicine; Male; males; Methods; Mineralization; Minors; Molar, Third - diagnostic imaging; Molar, Third - growth & development; Morphology; Pathology; Radiography, Panoramic; Sensitivity and Specificity; Teeth; Third molar index; Tooth Apex - diagnostic imaging; Tooth Apex - growth & development; Unaccompanied minor; Young Adult; Italy; Forensic Anthropology Population Data; Age estimation; Cut-off; Unaccompanied minor; Third molar index; Forensic sciences
• ISSN: 0379-0738; 1872-6283; 1872-6283
• DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2014.10.013

The third molar tooth is one of the few anatomical structures in development available for estimating the age of individuals in the late adolescence. This study tests the accuracy of Cameriere's cut-off value of the third molar index (I3M) in assessing legal adult age of 18 years in an Albanian sample. For this purpose, a sample of orthopantomograms (OPTs) of 286 living subjects (152 female and 134 male) aged between 15 and 22 years was analyzed. Intra-rater and inter-raters agreement of I3M were 0.998 and 0.998, respectively and Cohen Kappa for intra-rater and inter-rater agreement in decision on adult or minor was 1.0 and 1.0, respectively. Age distribution gradually decreases as I3M increases in both males and females. The mean age of females is higher than that of males when I3M is between 0.04 and 0.08. Sensitivity test for males was 94.1%, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 85.6–98.4%, and specificity was 90.9% (95%CI 81.3–96.6%). The proportion of correctly classified individuals was 92.5%, with a 95%CI of (86.7%, 96.4%). For females, the sensitivity test was 75.4%, with a 95%CI of (63.1%, 85.2%) and specificity was 96.6%, with a 95%CI of (90.3%, 99.3%). The proportion of correctly classified individuals was 87.5%, with a 95%CI of (81.2%, 92.3%). The results indicate that Cameriere's cut-off value of the third molar index (I3M=0.08) is useful in discriminating between Albanian adults and juveniles, and encourage us to test its suitability for determining the adult age in individuals from other populations.