A literature review of blood concentrations of new psychoactive substances classified as phenethylamines, aminoindanes, arylalkylamines, arylcyclohexylamines, and indolalkylamines

• Published in: Forensic science international Vol. 276; pp. 120 - 125
• Main Authors: Karinen, Ritva, Høiseth, Gudrun
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier B.V 01.07.2017; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Amines - blood; Amphetamines; Autopsy; Blood; Blood concentrations; case studies; Designer Drugs - analysis; Drug use; Fatalities; Forensic sciences; Forensic Toxicology; Humans; Indans - blood; Indoles - blood; Intoxication; Literature reviews; Methods; New psychoactive substances; Pathology; phenethylamines; Phenethylamines - blood; psychotropic agents; Psychotropic Drugs - blood; Reviews; Substance-Related Disorders - blood; Toxicology; New psychoactive substances; Blood concentrations; Intoxication; Autopsy; Drug use
• ISSN: 0379-0738; 1872-6283; 1872-6283
• DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.02.024

[Display omitted] •NPS classified as phenethylamines, aminoindanes, arylalkylamines, arylcyclohexylamines and indolalkylamines.•The present review summarizes blood concentrations of these NPS found in the literature.•Living subjects and post mortem cases.•Some of the drugs (5-IT, MPA and MXE) are better described with 31–36 reported results. Interpretation of blood concentrations of new psychoactive substances (NPS) requires comparison of the results to previously published case reports; as only a few experimental studies for these substances exist. A large number of articles representing single or multiple cases have been published for a great number of substances, making a unified overview difficult. In this review we have collected all published blood concentrations from the NPS groups classified as phenethylamines, aminoindanes, arylalkylamines, arylcyclohexylamines, and indolalkylamines, and also included unpublished results for MPA, MXE, 4-FMA, 4-FA and 4-MA analyzed in our laboratory. In total, 71 publications on 35 different drugs were summarized. For most of the drugs, the total number of reported cases was very low (≤5). For some of the synthetic drugs, however, a higher number of blood concentrations are now available; especially for 5-IT (32 reported cases in total), MPA (31 reported cases in total) and MXE (36 reported cases in total), thus the published results are more substantial. The present compilation could be a helpful tool for forensic toxicologists when blood concentrations of NPS are assessed.