Old Antibiotics Can Learn New Ways: A Systematic Review of Florfenicol Use in Veterinary Medicine and Future Perspectives Using Nanotechnology

• Published in: Animals (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 10; p. 1695
• Main Authors: Trif, Emilia, Cerbu, Constantin, Olah, Diana, Zăblău, Sergiu Dan, Spînu, Marina, Potârniche, Adrian Valentin, Pall, Emoke, Brudașcă, Florinel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 19.05.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: alternative drug delivery; Analysis; Animals; Anti-inflammatory agents; Antibacterial agents; antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial agents; Aquatic animals; Aqueous solutions; Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Bioavailability; Cattle; Cell proliferation; Chloramphenicol; Chloromycetin; Cytokines; Drug resistance in microorganisms; Drug therapy; Florfenicol; Genes; Immune system; Infectious diseases; Inflammation; Literature reviews; Medicine; Nanoemulsions; Nanoparticles; nanoscience; Nanotechnology; Organic solvents; Pathology; Pharmacokinetics; Protein biosynthesis; Protein synthesis; Proteins; Review; Reviews; Solubility; Solvents; Systematic review; Thiamphenicol; Veterinary medicine; antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles; florfenicol; alternative drug delivery; nanoscience
• ISSN: 2076-2615; 2076-2615
• DOI: 10.3390/ani13101695

Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic used exclusively in veterinary medicine in order to treat the pathology of farm and aquatic animals. It is a synthetic fluorinated analog of thiamphenicol and chloramphenicol that functions by inhibiting ribosomal activity, which disrupts bacterial protein synthesis and has shown over time a strong activity against Gram-positive and negative bacterial groups. Florfenicol was also reported to have anti-inflammatory activity through a marked reduction in immune cell proliferation and cytokine production. The need for improvement came from (1) the inappropriate use (to an important extent) of this antimicrobial, which led to serious concerns about florfenicol-related resistance genes, and (2) the fact that this antibiotic has a low water solubility making it difficult to formulate an aqueous solution in organic solvents, and applicable for different routes of administration. This review aims to synthesize the various applications of florfenicol in veterinary medicine, explore the potential use of nanotechnology to improve its effectiveness and analyze the advantages and limitations of such approaches. The review is based on data from scientific articles and systematic reviews identified in several databases.