Inflammation, fracture and bone repair

• Published in: Bone (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 86; pp. 119 - 130
• Main Authors: Loi, Florence, Córdova, Luis A, Pajarinen, Jukka, Lin, Tzu-hua, Yao, Zhenyu, Goodman, Stuart B
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.05.2016
• Subjects: Animals; Bone repair; Cell Communication; Fracture Healing; Fractures, Bone - pathology; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammation - pathology; Orthopedics; Osteocytes - pathology; Tissue engineering; Inflammation; Fracture Healing; Bone Repair; Tissue Engineering; Bone repair; Fracture healing; Tissue engineering
• ISSN: 8756-3282; 1873-2763
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.02.020

Abstract The reconstitution of lost bone is a subject that is germane to many orthopaedic conditions including fractures and non-unions, infection, inflammatory arthritis, osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, metabolic bone disease, tumors, and periprosthetic particle-associated osteolysis. In this regard, the processes of acute and chronic inflammation play an integral role. Acute inflammation is initiated by endogenous or exogenous adverse stimuli, and can become chronic in nature if not resolved by normal homeostatic mechanisms. Dysregulated inflammation leads to increased bone resorption and suppressed bone formation. Crosstalk amongst inflammatory cells (polymorphonuclear leukocytes and cells of the monocyte–macrophage-osteoclast lineage) and cells related to bone healing (cells of the mesenchymal stem cell-osteoblast lineage and vascular lineage) is essential to the formation, repair and remodeling of bone. In this review, the authors provide a comprehensive summary of the literature related to inflammation and bone repair. Special emphasis is placed on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, and potential interventions that can favorably modulate the outcome of clinical conditions that involve bone repair.