Nutrient-stimulated glucagon-like peptide 1 release after body-weight loss and weight maintenance in human subjects

• Published in: British journal of nutrition Vol. 95; no. 1; pp. 160 - 167
• Main Authors: Adam, Tanja C. M, Lejeune, Manuela P. G. M., Westerterp-Plantenga, Margriet S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01.01.2006
• Subjects: Adipose Tissue; Adipose Tissue - physiopathology; Adult; analysis; Appetite; Appetite - physiology; Biological and medical sciences; Blood; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose - analysis; Body Composition; Body Composition - physiology; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Body Weight - physiology; Diabetes; Diet; Energy; Energy balance; Energy Intake; Energy Intake - physiology; Energy Metabolism; Energy Metabolism - physiology; Exercise; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - blood; Feeding. Feeding behavior; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - metabolism; human nutrition; Human subjects; Humans; Ingestion; Insulin; Insulin - blood; Insulin Resistance; Insulin Resistance - physiology; Male; metabolism; Middle Aged; Nutrient loss; Nutrient release; nutrient-nutrient interactions; Nutrition research; Obesity; Obesity - metabolism; Peptides; physiology; physiopathology; secretion; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems; very low calorie diet; Very-low-energy diets; Weight control; weight control programs; Weight loss; Weight Loss - physiology; Weight maintenance; Netherlands; Appetite; Very-low-energy diets; Obesity; Weight maintenance; Glucagon-like peptide 1; Weight loss; Human; Body weight; Nutrition disorder; Maintenance; Obesity: Glucagon-like peptide 1: Weight loss: Weight maintenance: Appetite: Very-low-energy diets; Feeding; Glucagon like peptide 1; Vertebrata; Gastrointestinal hormone; Mammalia; Energy; Diet; Low; Nutrient; Nutritional status; Release
• ISSN: 0007-1145; 1475-2662
• DOI: 10.1079/BJN20051614

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone that is released in response to nutrient ingestion. Postprandial GLP-1 release has been reported to be attenuated in obese subjects, but reports on the effect of weight loss on GLP-1 are conflicting. The aim of the present study was to clarify the effect of a weight-loss period and a consecutive weight-maintenance period on nutrient-stimulated GLP-1 release in obese subjects. Nutrient-stimulated (standard breakfast; 1·9MJ) GLP-1 release was investigated in thirty-two obese subjects on three occasions: before weight loss (T1) (BMI 30·0 (sd 2·5) kg/m2); after a 6-week very-low-energy diet (VLED) (T2) (BMI 27·6 (sd 2·3) kg/m2); after a 3-month weight-maintenance period (T3) (BMI 27·9 (sd 2·3) kg/m2). At each occasion, following a fasting blood sample the test meal was fed and blood was drawn every 30min for 2h relative to ingestion in order to determine plasma GLP-1, insulin, glucose and NEFA concentrations. Subjects lost 7 (sd 3·4) kg during the VLED (P<0·0001) and regained 1 (sd 3·2) kg during the weight-maintenance period (NS). The area under the curve for nutrient-stimulated plasma GLP-1 (pmol/l×h) was significantly decreased (P=0·01) at T2 (6·8 (sd 1)) compared with T1 (12·8 (sd 2·9)) and T3 (11·1 (sd 1·5)). Since we found a rebound of concentrations after a weight-maintenance period, decrease after weight loss seems to be transient and possibly due to a negative energy balance.