Urban neighborhoods and depressive symptoms among older adults

• Published in: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences Vol. 62; no. 1; p. S52
• Main Authors: Aneshensel, Carol S, Wight, Richard G, Miller-Martinez, Dana, Botticello, Amanda L, Karlamangla, Arun S, Seeman, Teresa E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States 01.01.2007
• Subjects: Activities of Daily Living - classification; Activities of Daily Living - psychology; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder - epidemiology; Depressive Disorder - psychology; Female; Health Status Indicators; Health Surveys; Humans; Incidence; Male; Minority Groups - psychology; Minority Groups - statistics & numerical data; Peer Group; Population Dynamics; Risk Factors; Social Environment; United States; Urban Population - statistics & numerical data; United States
• ISSN: 1079-5014
• DOI: 10.1093/geronb/62.1.s52

This study seeks to determine whether depressive symptoms among older persons systematically vary across urban neighborhoods such that experiencing more symptoms is associated with low socioeconomic status (SES), high concentrations of ethnic minorities, low residential stability and low proportion aged 65 years and older. Survey data are from the Study of Assets and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD), a 1993 U.S. national probability sample of noninstitutionalized persons born in 1923 or earlier (i.e. people aged 70 or older). Neighborhood data are from the 1990 Census at the tract level. Hierarchical linear regression is used to estimate multilevel models. The average number of depressive symptoms varies across Census tracts independent of individual-level characteristics. Symptoms are not significantly associated with neighborhood SES, ethnic composition, or age structure when individual-level characteristics are controlled statistically. However, net of individual-level characteristics, symptoms are positively associated with neighborhood residential stability, pointing to a complex meaning of residential stability for the older population. This study shows that apparent neighborhood-level socioeconomic effects on depressive symptoms among urban-dwelling older adults are largely if not entirely compositional in nature. Further, residential stability in the urban neighborhood may not be emotionally beneficial to its aged residents.