Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension

• Published in: Journal of personalized medicine Vol. 13; no. 2; p. 366
• Main Authors: Jia, Zhuangzhuang, Wang, Shuai, Yan, Haifeng, Cao, Yawen, Zhang, Xuan, Wang, Lin, Zhang, Zeyu, Lin, Shanshan, Wang, Xianliang, Mao, Jingyuan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.02.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: adventitia; Apoptosis; Cell cycle; Cell proliferation; Development and progression; Endothelial cells; Endothelium; Epigenetics; Extracellular matrix; Fibroblasts; Genotype & phenotype; Hypertension; Hypoxia; Inflammation; intima; media; Metabolism; Mortality; Mutation; Pathogenesis; Pathology; Physiological aspects; Precision medicine; Pulmonary arteries; Pulmonary artery; Pulmonary hypertension; pulmonary vascular remodeling; Review; Smooth muscle; Transcription factors; Veins & arteries; adventitia; media; pulmonary vascular remodeling; pulmonary hypertension; extracellular matrix; intima
• ISSN: 2075-4426; 2075-4426
• DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020366

Pulmonary vascular remodeling is the critical structural alteration and pathological feature in pulmonary hypertension (PH) and involves changes in the intima, media and adventitia. Pulmonary vascular remodeling consists of the proliferation and phenotypic transformation of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) of the middle membranous pulmonary artery, as well as complex interactions involving external layer pulmonary artery fibroblasts (PAFs) and extracellular matrix (ECM). Inflammatory mechanisms, apoptosis and other factors in the vascular wall are influenced by different mechanisms that likely act in concert to drive disease progression. This article reviews these pathological changes and highlights some pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the remodeling process.