A Methodology of Analysis for Monitoring Treatment Progression with 19-Channel Z-Score Neurofeedback (19ZNF) in a Single-Subject Design

• Published in: Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback Vol. 40; no. 3; pp. 139 - 149
• Main Authors: Krigbaum, Genomary, Wigton, Nancy L.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.09.2015; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Analysis; Anxiety Disorders - therapy; Asperger Syndrome - therapy; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - therapy; Behavioral Science and Psychology; Biofeedback; Biofeedback training; Case studies; Child; Clinical outcomes; Electroencephalography; Electroencephalography - instrumentation; Electroencephalography - methods; Evidence-based medicine; Female; Fourier transforms; Health Psychology; Humans; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Neurofeedback - instrumentation; Neurofeedback - methods; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - therapy; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) - methods; Psychology; Psychotherapy and Counseling; Public Health; Standard scores; Young Adult; United States > US; Sites-of-Interest; EEG Biofeedback; 19-Channel Z-Score Neurofeedback; QEEG; Neurofeedback
• ISSN: 1090-0586; 1573-3270; 1573-3270
• DOI: 10.1007/s10484-015-9274-0

19-Channel Z-Score Neurofeedback (19ZNF) is a modality using 19-electrodes with real-time normative database z-scores, suggesting effective clinical outcomes in fewer sessions than traditional neurofeedback. Thus, monitoring treatment progression and clinical outcome is necessary. The area of focus in this study was a methodology of quantitative analysis for monitoring treatment progression and clinical outcome with 19ZNF. This methodology is noted as the Sites-of-Interest, which included repeated measures analyses of variance (rANOVA) and t -tests for z-scores; it was conducted on 10 cases in a single subject design. To avoid selection bias, the 10 sample cases were randomly selected from a pool of 17 cases that met the inclusion criteria. Available client outcome measures (including self-report) are briefly discussed. The results showed 90 % of the pre-post comparisons moved in the targeted direction (z = 0) and of those, 96 % (80 % Bonferroni corrected) of the t -tests and 96 % (91 % Bonferroni corrected) of the rANOVAs were statistically significant; thus indicating a progression towards the mean in 15 or fewer 19ZNF sessions. All cases showed and reported improvement in all outcome measures (including quantitative electroencephalography assessment) at case termination.