Pulmonary Congestion Assessment in Heart Failure: Traditional and New Tools

Congestion related to cardiac pressure and/or volume overload plays a central role in the pathophysiology, presentation, and prognosis of heart failure (HF). Most HF exacerbations are related to a progressive rise in cardiac filling pressures that precipitate pulmonary congestion and symptomatic dec...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inDiagnostics (Basel) Vol. 11; no. 8; p. 1306
Main Authors Pirrotta, Filippo, Mazza, Benedetto, Gennari, Luigi, Palazzuoli, Alberto
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 21.07.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Accuracy
Biomarkers
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
clinical assessment
congestion
Dyspnea
Edema
Ejection fraction
Heart failure
Hormones
Hospitalization
Hypertension
Laboratories
Patients
Peptides
Pneumonia
Radiography
Review
Ultrasonic imaging
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

More Information
Summary:Congestion related to cardiac pressure and/or volume overload plays a central role in the pathophysiology, presentation, and prognosis of heart failure (HF). Most HF exacerbations are related to a progressive rise in cardiac filling pressures that precipitate pulmonary congestion and symptomatic decompensation. Furthermore, persistent symptoms and signs of congestion at discharge or among outpatients are strong predictors of an adverse outcome. Pulmonary congestion is also one of the most important diagnostic and therapeutic targets in chronic heart failure. The aim of this review is to analyze the importance of clinical, instrumental, and biochemical evaluation of congestion in HF by describing old and new tools. Lung ultrasonography (LUS) is an emerging method to assess pulmonary congestion. Accordingly, we describe the additive prognostic role of chest ultrasound with respect to traditional clinical and X-ray assessment in acute and chronic HF setting.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
content type line 23
ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:2075-4418
2075-4418
DOI:10.3390/diagnostics11081306