Immunogenic cell death in cancer therapy: Present and emerging inducers

• Published in: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine Vol. 23; no. 8; pp. 4854 - 4865
• Main Authors: Zhou, Jingyi, Wang, Gangyang, Chen, Yinze, Wang, Hongxia, Hua, Yingqi, Cai, Zhengdong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.08.2019; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Adenosine triphosphate; Animals; Antigen presentation; Antigens; Antineoplastic Agents - pharmacology; Antineoplastic Agents - therapeutic use; antitumour effects; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Calreticulin - genetics; Calreticulin - metabolism; Cancer; Cancer therapies; Cell death; Chronic exposure; Combined Modality Therapy; Cytokines; Cytotoxicity; damage‐associated molecular patterns; Death & dying; Dendritic cells; Dendritic Cells - immunology; Endoplasmic reticulum; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress - immunology; Humans; ICD inducers; Immune system; immunogenic cancer cell death; Immunogenic Cell Death - genetics; Immunogenicity; Immunotherapy; Kinases; Lymphocytes T; Medical research; Microenvironments; Mitochondrial Membranes - immunology; Mitochondrial Membranes - metabolism; Molecular modelling; Nanoparticles - therapeutic use; Neoplasms - drug therapy; Neoplasms - immunology; Neoplasms - pathology; Neoplasms - therapy; Pathogens; Peptides; Phagocytes; Phenotypes; Phototherapy; Physical therapy; Review; Reviews; T-Lymphocytes - immunology; Tumor microenvironment; Tumor Microenvironment - genetics; Tumor Microenvironment - immunology; Tumors; Vaccines; ICD inducers; immune system; dendritic cells; damage-associated molecular patterns; antitumour effects; immunogenic cancer cell death
• ISSN: 1582-1838; 1582-4934; 1582-4934
• DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14356

In the tumour microenvironment (TME), immunogenic cell death (ICD) plays a major role in stimulating the dysfunctional antitumour immune system. Chronic exposure of damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) attracts receptors and ligands on dendritic cells (DCs) and activates immature DCs to transition to a mature phenotype, which promotes the processing of phagocytic cargo in DCs and accelerates the engulfment of antigenic components by DCs. Consequently, via antigen presentation, DCs stimulate specific T cell responses that kill more cancer cells. The induction of ICD eventually results in long‐lasting protective antitumour immunity. Through the exploration of ICD inducers, recent studies have shown that there are many novel modalities with the ability to induce immunogenic cancer cell death. In this review, we mainly discussed and summarized the emerging methods for inducing immunogenic cancer cell death. Concepts and molecular mechanisms relevant to antitumour effects of ICD are also briefly discussed.