Development of cortical motor circuits between childhood and adulthood: A navigated TMS‐HdEEG study

Motor functions improve during childhood and adolescence, but little is still known about the development of cortical motor circuits during early life. To elucidate the neurophysiological hallmarks of motor cortex development, we investigated the differences in motor cortical excitability and connec...

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Published inHuman brain mapping Vol. 38; no. 5; pp. 2599 - 2615
Main Authors Määttä, Sara, Könönen, Mervi, Kallioniemi, Elisa, Lakka, Timo, Lintu, Niina, Lindi, Virpi, Ferreri, Florinda, Ponzo, David, Säisänen, Laura
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.05.2017
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Subjects
Adolescent
Adult
Aging - physiology
Analysis of Variance
Brain Mapping
Child
Electroencephalography
Evoked Potentials, Motor - physiology
Female
gamma‐Amicobutyric Acid
Humans
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Male
motor cortex
Motor Cortex - diagnostic imaging
Motor Cortex - physiology
Nerve Net - diagnostic imaging
Nerve Net - physiology
Statistics as Topic
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Young Adult
electroencephalography
motor cortex
gamma-Amicobutyric Acid
adolescent
transcranial magnetic stimulation
adult
child
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Summary:Motor functions improve during childhood and adolescence, but little is still known about the development of cortical motor circuits during early life. To elucidate the neurophysiological hallmarks of motor cortex development, we investigated the differences in motor cortical excitability and connectivity between healthy children, adolescents, and adults by means of navigated suprathreshold motor cortex transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with high‐density electroencephalography (EEG). We demonstrated that with development, the excitability of the motor system increases, the TMS‐evoked EEG waveform increases in complexity, the magnitude of induced activation decreases, and signal spreading increases. Furthermore, the phase of the oscillatory response to TMS becomes less consistent with age. These changes parallel an improvement in manual dexterity and may reflect developmental changes in functional connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2599–2615, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bibliography:The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
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ISSN:1065-9471
1097-0193
1097-0193
DOI:10.1002/hbm.23545