Coronavirus (COVID‐19) in the United Kingdom: A personality‐based perspective on concerns and intention to self‐isolate

• Published in: British Journal of Health Psychology Vol. 25; no. 4; pp. 839 - 848
• Main Authors: Bacon, Alison M., Corr, Philip J.
• Format: Journal Article Web Resource
• Language: English
• Published: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.11.2020; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Anxiety; Attitudes; Avoidance behavior; Behavior; Behavior change; Betacoronavirus; Brief Report; Change agents; Concerns; Conflict; coronavirus; Coronavirus Infections; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID‐19: Health Psychology Theory and Research; Cross-Sectional Studies; depression; Desire; fear; Fear & phobias; Health behavior; Health problems; Health services; Humans; Illnesses; Individual differences; Infectious diseases; Inhibition; Intention; Older people; Pandemics; Personal safety; Personality; Personality tests; Pneumonia, Viral; Policy making; Psychological aspects; Public behavior; Reactivity; Reinforcement; reinforcement sensitivity theory; SARS-CoV-2; self‐isolation; United Kingdom; United Kingdom; United Kingdom > UK; anxiety; coronavirus; depression; reinforcement sensitivity theory; fear; self-isolation
• ISSN: 1359-107X; 2044-8287
• DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12423

Objectives Public behaviour change is necessary to contain the spread of coronavirus (COVID‐19). Based on the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) framework, this study presents an examination of individual differences in some relevant psychological factors. Design Cross‐sectional psychometric. Methods UK respondents (N = 202) completed a personality questionnaire (RST‐PQ), measures of illness attitudes, concerns about the impact of coronavirus on health services and socio‐economic infrastructures, personal safety, and likelihood of voluntary self‐isolation. Results Respondents most concerned were older, had negative illness attitudes, and scored higher on reward reactivity (RR), indicating the motivation to take positive approach action despite prevailing worry/anxiety. Personal safety concerns were highest in those with negative illness attitudes and higher fight–flight–freeze system (FFFS, reflecting fear/avoidance) scores. Results suggest people are experiencing psychological conflict: between the urge to stay safe (FFFF‐related) and the desire to maintain a normal, pleasurable (RR‐related) life. Ways of ameliorating conflict may include maladaptive behaviours (panic buying), reflecting reward‐related displacement activity. Intended self‐isolation related to FFFS, but also low behavioural inhibition system (related to anxiety) scores. Older people reported themselves less likely to self‐isolate. Conclusions Interventions need to consider individual differences in psychological factors in behaviour change, and we discuss relevant literature to inform policy makers and communicators. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) personality systems can influence perception of persuasive health messages. However, there is limited evidence for their direct effects on health concerns and behaviours, and none relating to specific infectious diseases. What does this study add? Reward reactivity (RR) is associated with concern about impact of coronavirus on the NHS and other social infrastructures, indicating the motivation to take positive‐approach action despite worry/anxiety. Personal safety concerns are related to fight–flight–freeze system traits (FFFS, reflecting fear/avoidance). Intended self‐isolation related to FFFS, but also low behavioural inhibition system (related to anxiety) scores. Older people reported themselves less likely to self‐isolate. Results suggest psychological conflict: between the urge to stay safe (FFFF‐related) and the desire to maintain a normal, pleasurable life (RR‐related). Ways of ameliorating conflict may include maladaptive behaviours (panic buying), reflecting reward‐related displacement activity