Biological Evaluation of Implant Drill Made from Zirconium Dioxide

• Published in: Clinical implant dentistry and related research Vol. 19; no. 2; pp. 306 - 315
• Main Authors: Akiba, Yosuke, Eguchi, Kaori, Akiba, Nami, Uoshima, Katsumi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.04.2017; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Animals; bone defect healing; Bone healing; Bone Regeneration - physiology; Computed tomography; Damage; Dental caries; Dental High-Speed Equipment; dental implant; Dental Implantation, Endosseous - instrumentation; Dental materials; Dental Pulp Cavity - physiology; Dentistry; Drilling; Drills; Electron microscopy; Healing; Male; Materials selection; Maxilla - diagnostic imaging; Maxilla - physiology; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Models, Animal; Molars; osseointegration; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Scanning electron microscopy; Sharpness; Staining; Stainless steel; Stainless steels; Surface Properties; Surgery; Teeth; Tool steels; X-Ray Microtomography; Zirconia; Zirconium; Zirconium dioxide; zirconium dioxide; bone defect healing; osseointegration; dental implant
• ISSN: 1523-0899; 1708-8208
• DOI: 10.1111/cid.12452

Purpose Zirconia is a good candidate material in the dental field. In this study, we evaluated biological responses against a zirconia drill using a bone cavity healing model. Materials and Methods Zirconia drills, stainless steel drills, and the drilled bone surface were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), before and after cavity preparation. For the bone cavity healing model, the upper first and second molars of Wistar rats were extracted. After 4 weeks, cavities were prepared with zirconia drills on the left side. As a control, a stainless steel drill was used on the right side. At 3, 7, and 14 days after surgery, micro‐CT images were taken. Samples were prepared for histological staining. Results SEM images revealed that zirconia drills maintained sharpness even after 30 drilling procedures. The bone surface was smoother with the zirconia drill. Micro‐CT images showed faster and earlier bone healing in the zirconia drill cavity. On H‐E staining, at 7 days, the zirconia drill defect had a smaller blank lacunae area. At 14 days, the zirconia drill defect was filled with newly formed bone. Conclusions The zirconia drill induces less damage during cavity preparation and is advantageous for bone healing. (197 words)