Genetically diverse mouse models of SARS-CoV-2 infection reproduce clinical variation in type I interferon and cytokine responses in COVID-19

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 4481 - 13
• Main Authors: Robertson, Shelly J., Bedard, Olivia, McNally, Kristin L., Shaia, Carl, Clancy, Chad S., Lewis, Matthew, Broeckel, Rebecca M., Chiramel, Abhilash I., Shannon, Jeffrey G., Sturdevant, Gail L., Rosenke, Rebecca, Anzick, Sarah L., Forte, Elvira, Preuss, Christoph, Baker, Candice N., Harder, Jeffrey M., Brunton, Catherine, Munger, Steven, Bruno, Daniel P., Lack, Justin B., Leung, Jacqueline M., Shamsaddini, Amirhossein, Gardina, Paul, Sturdevant, Daniel E., Sun, Jian, Martens, Craig, Holland, Steven M., Rosenthal, Nadia A., Best, Sonja M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 25.07.2023; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 13/106; 13/21; 13/51; 38; 38/39; 631/250/255/2514; 631/326/596/4130; 64/60; ACE2; Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Animal models; Animals; Antiviral drugs; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Genetic diversity; Genetics; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Immunity; Infections; Inflammation; Inflammation - genetics; Interferon; Interferon Type I; Lung; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; multidisciplinary; Replication; Respiratory diseases; SARS-CoV-2; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Strains (organisms); Transgenic mice; Viral diseases
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40076-5

Inflammation in response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection drives severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and is influenced by host genetics. To understand mechanisms of inflammation, animal models that reflect genetic diversity and clinical outcomes observed in humans are needed. We report a mouse panel comprising the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) founder strains crossed to human ACE2 transgenic mice (K18-hACE2) that confers susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Infection of CC x K18-hACE2 resulted in a spectrum of survival, viral replication kinetics, and immune profiles. Importantly, in contrast to the K18-hACE2 model, early type I interferon (IFN-I) and regulated proinflammatory responses were required for control of SARS-CoV-2 replication in PWK x K18-hACE2 mice that were highly resistant to disease. Thus, virus dynamics and inflammation observed in COVID-19 can be modeled in diverse mouse strains that provide a genetically tractable platform for understanding anti-coronavirus immunity. Dynamics of type I interferon (IFN) following infection with SARS-CoV-2 are critical in determining disease severity in humans but have been difficult to model in mice. Here, infection of genetically diverse mice reveals how delayed or immediate IFN signaling coordinates antiviral immunity.