NUP98 and RAE1 sustain progenitor function through HDAC-dependent chromatin targeting to escape from nucleolar localization

• Published in: Communications biology Vol. 6; no. 1; p. 664
• Main Authors: Neely, Amy E., Blumensaadt, Laura A., Ho, Patric J., Lloyd, Sarah M., Kweon, Junghun, Ren, Ziyou, Bao, Xiaomin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 23.06.2023; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 14; 14/63; 38; 38/109; 38/39; 38/90; 42; 42/89; 45; 45/15; 59; 631/337/100; 631/532/2118/2438; 64; 82; 82/1; 82/16; Binding Sites; Biology; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Chromatin; Chromatin - genetics; DNMT1 protein; Epigenetics; Gene expression; Gene regulation; Histone deacetylase; Life Sciences; Localization; Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins - chemistry; Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins - genetics; Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins - metabolism; Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins - chemistry; Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins - genetics; Nucleocytoplasmic Transport Proteins - metabolism; Nucleoli; Progenitor cells
• ISSN: 2399-3642; 2399-3642
• DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05043-2

Self-renewing somatic tissues rely on progenitors to support the continuous tissue regeneration. The gene regulatory network maintaining progenitor function remains incompletely understood. Here we show that NUP98 and RAE1 are highly expressed in epidermal progenitors, forming a separate complex in the nucleoplasm. Reduction of NUP98 or RAE1 abolishes progenitors’ regenerative capacity, inhibiting proliferation and inducing premature terminal differentiation. Mechanistically, NUP98 binds on chromatin near the transcription start sites of key epigenetic regulators (such as DNMT1 , UHRF1 and EZH2 ) and sustains their expression in progenitors. NUP98’s chromatin binding sites are co-occupied by HDAC1. HDAC inhibition diminishes NUP98’s chromatin binding and dysregulates NUP98 and RAE1’s target gene expression. Interestingly, HDAC inhibition further induces NUP98 and RAE1 to localize interdependently to the nucleolus. These findings identified a pathway in progenitor maintenance, where HDAC activity directs the high levels of NUP98 and RAE1 to directly control key epigenetic regulators, escaping from nucleolar aggregation. In epidermal progenitor cells, HDAC1 activity controls NUP98 and RAE1 localization in the regulation of epigenetic regulator genes, ensuring somatic tissue self-generation.