Identification and characterization of ATM founder mutation in BRCA-negative breast cancer patients of Arab ethnicity

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 20924
• Main Authors: Bu, Rong, Siraj, Abdul K., Al-Rasheed, Maha, Iqbal, Kaleem, Azam, Saud, Qadri, Zeeshan, Haqawi, Wael, Tulbah, Asma, Al-Dayel, Fouad, Almalik, Osama, Al-Kuraya, Khawla S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 27.11.2023; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/208/68; 631/67/1347; Arabs - genetics; Ataxia; Ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein; Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins - genetics; BRCA1 protein; BRCA1 Protein - genetics; BRCA2 Protein - genetics; Breast cancer; Ethnicity; Female; Founder effect; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic screening; Germ-Line Mutation; Haplotypes; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Kinases; Local population; Malignancy; multidisciplinary; Mutation; Protein-serine/threonine kinase; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Susceptibility; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms; Saudi Arabia
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48231-0

Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent malignancy among women worldwide with germline pathogenic variants/likely pathogenic variants (PVs/LPVs) in BRCA1/2 accounting for a large portion of hereditary cases. Recently, heterozygous PVs/LPVs in the ATM serine/threonine kinase or Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene ( ATM ) has been identified as a moderate susceptibility factor for BC in diverse ethnicities. However, the prevalence of ATM PVs/LPVs in BC susceptibility in Arab populations remains largely unexplored. This study investigated the prevalence of ATM PVs/LPVs among BC patients from Saudi Arabia, employing capture-sequencing technology for ATM PVs/LPVs screening in a cohort of 715 unselected BC patients without BRCA1/2 PVs/LPVs. In addition, founder mutation analysis was conducted using the PHASE program. In our entire cohort, four unique PVs/LPVs in the ATM gene were identified in six cases (0.8%). Notably, one recurrent LPV, c.6115G > A:p.Glu2039Lys was identified in three cases, for which haplotype analysis confirmed as a novel putative founder mutation traced back to 13 generations on average. This founder mutation accounted for half of all identified mutant cases and 0.4% of total screened cases. This study further reveals a significant correlation between the presence of ATM mutation and family history of BC (p = 0.0127). These findings underscore an approximate 0.8% prevalence of ATM germline PVs/LPVs in Arab BC patients without BRCA1/2 PVs/LPVs and suggest a founder effect of specific recurrent ATM mutation. These insights can help in the design of a genetic testing strategy tailored to the local population in Saudi Arabia, thereby, enabling more accurate clinical management and risk prediction.