Unconventionally fast transport through sliding dynamics of rodlike particles in macromolecular networks

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 15; no. 1; p. 525
• Main Authors: Zhang, Xuanyu, Dai, Xiaobin, Habib, Md Ahsan, Gao, Lijuan, Chen, Wenlong, Wei, Wenjie, Tang, Zhongqiu, Qi, Xianyu, Gong, Xiangjun, Jiang, Lingxiang, Yan, Li-Tang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 15.01.2024; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 119/118; 639/301/1034; 639/766/25; Bacteria; Behavior; Biological activity; Brownian motion; Chemical engineering; Confined spaces; Confinement; Design optimization; Diffusion; Diffusion rate; Drug delivery systems; Dynamics; Finite element method; Free energy; Humanities and Social Sciences; Macromolecules; Materials science; multidisciplinary; Networks; Polyethylene glycol; Rods; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Sliding; Theoretical analysis; Translation
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44765-7

Transport of rodlike particles in confinement environments of macromolecular networks plays crucial roles in many important biological processes and technological applications. The relevant understanding has been limited to thin rods with diameter much smaller than network mesh size, although the opposite case, of which the dynamical behaviors and underlying physical mechanisms remain unclear, is ubiquitous. Here, we solve this issue by combining experiments, simulations and theory. We find a nonmonotonic dependence of translational diffusion on rod length, characterized by length commensuration-governed unconventionally fast dynamics which is in striking contrast to the monotonic dependence for thin rods. Our results clarify that such a fast diffusion of thick rods with length of integral multiple of mesh size follows sliding dynamics and demonstrate it to be anomalous yet Brownian. Moreover, good agreement between theoretical analysis and simulations corroborates that the sliding dynamics is an intermediate regime between hopping and Brownian dynamics, and provides a mechanistic interpretation based on the rod-length dependent entropic free energy barrier. The findings yield a principle, that is, length commensuration, for optimal design of rodlike particles with highly efficient transport in confined environments of macromolecular networks, and might enrich the physics of the diffusion dynamics in heterogeneous media. Transport of rodlike particles in macromolecular networks is relevant to various biological processes and technological applications, where thin rods have been mainly in focus. Here the authors investigate diffusion dynamics of thick rods in confinement media of macromolecular networks, and uncover dependence of translational diffusion upon rod length.