Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) Infection Detected in Exhaled Breath Condensate of Dairy Calves by Near-Infrared Aquaphotomics

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 27; no. 2; p. 549
• Main Authors: Santos-Rivera, Mariana, Woolums, Amelia R, Thoresen, Merrilee, Meyer, Florencia, Vance, Carrie K
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 16.01.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: absorbance; Animals; Asymptomatic; Bar codes; biofluid; Breath Tests - methods; Calibration; Calves; Cattle; Cattle Diseases - diagnosis; Cattle Diseases - virology; Cell Line; chemometrics; Condensates; discrimination; Glycoproteins; I.R. radiation; Infections; Near infrared radiation; NIRS; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Photometry - methods; Polymerase chain reaction; Respiratory diseases; Respiratory syncytial virus; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - diagnosis; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections - virology; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Bovine - isolation & purification; RNA-directed DNA polymerase; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared - methods; Trends; Viral infections; Viruses; Volatile compounds; Water - analysis; Water - chemistry; United States > US; absorbance; chemometrics; NIRS; biofluid; cattle; discrimination; transmittance; virus
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020549

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major contributor to respiratory disease in cattle worldwide. Traditionally, BRSV infection is detected based on non-specific clinical signs, followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the results of which can take days to obtain. Near-infrared aquaphotomics evaluation based on biochemical information from biofluids has the potential to support the rapid identification of BRSV infection in the field. This study evaluated NIR spectra ( = 240) of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) from dairy calves ( = 5) undergoing a controlled infection with BRSV. Changes in the organization of the aqueous phase of EBC during the baseline (pre-infection) and infected (post-infection and clinically abnormal) stages were found in the WAMACS (water matrix coordinates) C1, C5, C9, and C11, likely associated with volatile and non-volatile compounds in EBC. The discrimination of these chemical profiles by PCA-LDA models differentiated samples collected during the baseline and infected stages with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity >93% in both the calibration and validation. Thus, biochemical changes occurring during BRSV infection can be detected and evaluated with NIR-aquaphotomics in EBC. These findings form the foundation for developing an innovative, non-invasive, and in-field diagnostic tool to identify BRSV infection in cattle.