Acute mesenteric ischemia: updated guidelines of the World Society of Emergency Surgery

• Published in: World journal of emergency surgery Vol. 17; no. 1; pp. 1 - 54
• Main Authors: Bala, Miklosh, Catena, Fausto, Kashuk, Jeffry, De Simone, Belinda, Gomes, Carlos Augusto, Weber, Dieter, Sartelli, Massimo, Coccolini, Federico, Kluger, Yoram, Abu-Zidan, Fikri M, Picetti, Edoardo, Ansaloni, Luca, Augustin, Goran, Biffl, Walter L, Ceresoli, Marco, Chiara, Osvaldo, Chiarugi, Massimo, Coimbra, Raul, Cui, Yunfeng, Damaskos, Dimitris, Di Saverio, Salomone, Galante, Joseph M, Khokha, Vladimir, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W, Inaba, Kenji, Leppäniemi, Ari, Litvin, Andrey, Peitzman, Andrew B, Shelat, Vishal G, Sugrue, Michael, Tolonen, Matti, Rizoli, Sandro, Sall, Ibrahima, Beka, Solomon G, Di Carlo, Isidoro, Ten Broek, Richard, Mircea, Chirika, Tebala, Giovanni, Pisano, Michele, van Goor, Harry, Maier, Ronald V, Jeekel, Hans, Civil, Ian, Hecker, Andreas, Tan, Edward, Soreide, Kjetil, Lee, Matthew J, Wani, Imtiaz, Bonavina, Luigi, Malangoni, Mark A, Koike, Kaoru, Velmahos, George C, Fraga, Gustavo P, Fette, Andreas, de'Angelis, Nicola, Balogh, Zsolt J, Scalea, Thomas M, Sganga, Gabriele, Kelly, Michael D, Khan, Jim, Stahel, Philip F, Moore, Ernest E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central Ltd 19.10.2022; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Abdomen; Bowel ischemia; Coronaviruses; Guidelines; Health aspects; Ischemia; Mesenteric arterial occlusion; Mesenteric artery stenting; Mesenteric ischemia; Mortality; Recommendations; Review; Surgery; Trade and professional associations; Veins & arteries
• ISSN: 1749-7922; 1749-7922
• DOI: 10.1186/s13017-022-00443-x

Abstract Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a group of diseases characterized by an interruption of the blood supply to varying portions of the intestine, leading to ischemia and secondary inflammatory changes. If untreated, this process may progress to life-threatening intestinal necrosis. The incidence is low, estimated at 0.09–0.2% of all acute surgical admissions, but increases with age. Although the entity is an uncommon cause of abdominal pain, diligence is required because if untreated, mortality remains in the range of 50%. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention are the cornerstones of modern treatment to reduce the high mortality associated with this entity. The advent of endovascular approaches in parallel with modern imaging techniques is evolving and provides new treatment options. Lastly, a focused multidisciplinary approach based on early diagnosis and individualized treatment is essential. Thus, we believe that updated guidelines from World Society of Emergency Surgery are warranted, in order to provide the most recent and practical recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of AMI.