Geography shapes the genomics and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis isolated from humans

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 1331 - 13
• Main Authors: Cao, Guojie, Zhao, Shaohua, Kuang, Dai, Hsu, Chih-Hao, Yin, Lanlan, Luo, Yan, Chen, Zhao, Xu, Xuebin, Strain, Errol, McDermott, Patrick, Allard, Marc, Brown, Eric, Meng, Jianghong, Zheng, Jie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 24.01.2023; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/326/22/1434; 631/326/41/2530; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antimicrobial agents; Antimicrobial resistance; Clinical isolates; Drug resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial - genetics; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial - genetics; Food safety; Genomes; Genomics; Genotypes; Geography; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular modelling; multidisciplinary; Multidrug resistance; Pathogenicity; Pathogenicity islands; Pathogens; Phylogeny; Plasmids; Prophages; Public health; Salmonella; Salmonella enterica - genetics; Salmonella enteritidis; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Virulence; United States > US; China; Africa
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24150-4

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella has been a long-standing challenge in public health and food safety. The prevalence of MDR S . Enteritidis, especially isolated from humans, in China is significantly higher than those from the U.S. and other countries. A dataset of 197 S . Enteritidis genomes, including 16 sequenced clinical isolates from China and 181 downloaded genomes of human isolates from the U.S., Europe, and Africa, was analyzed for genomic diversity, virulence potential, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Phylogenomic analyses identified four major well-supported clades (I–IV). While AMR genotype in the majority of isolates in clades I and IV displayed as pan-susceptible, 81.8% (9/11) and 22.4% (13/58) of isolates in clades III and II were MDR, respectively. It is noted that 77% (10/13) of MDR isolates in clade II were from China. The most common antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) carried by the Chinese isolates were aph(3′)-IIa , bla CTX-M-55 , and bla TEM-1B , whereas bla TEM-1B , sul1 , sul2 , drfA7 , aph(3")-Ib / strA , and aph(6)-Id /str B were most often identified in those from Africa (clade III). Among the 14 plasmid types identified, IncX1 and IncFII(pHN7A8) were found exclusively in the Chinese MDR isolates, while IncQ1 was highly associated with the African MDR isolates. The spvRABCD virulence operon was present in 94.9% (187/197) of isolates tested and was highly associated with both the IncF (IncFII and IncFIB) plasmids. In addition, phylogenetic differences in distribution of Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs), prophages and other accessory genes were also noted. Taken together, these findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning diversification of MDR S . Enteritidis.