Topoisomerase II deficiency leads to a postreplicative structural shift in all Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 11; no. 1; p. 14940
• Main Authors: Ayra-Plasencia, Jessel, Ramos-Pérez, Cristina, Santana-Sosa, Silvia, Quevedo, Oliver, Medina-Suárez, Sara, Matos-Perdomo, Emiliano, Zamora-Dorta, Marcos, Brown, Grant W., Lisby, Michael, Machín, Félix
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 22.07.2021; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/80/103; 631/80/641; Anaphase; Cell Cycle; Chromatids; Chromosome Segregation; Chromosomes; Chromosomes, Fungal - genetics; Cytokinesis; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; DNA damage; DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolysing); DNA Topoisomerases, Type II - deficiency; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II - genetics; Electrophoresis; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Gel electrophoresis; Gene Knockout Techniques; Genetic analysis; Humanities and Social Sciences; Inactivation; Intermediates; Mitosis; multidisciplinary; Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; Recombination; Replication; Retention; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - physiology; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins - genetics; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Sister chromatids; Yeasts
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93875-5

The key role of Topoisomerase II (Top2) is the removal of topological intertwines between sister chromatids. In yeast, inactivation of Top2 brings about distinct cell cycle responses. In the case of the conditional top2-5 allele, interphase and mitosis progress on schedule but cells suffer from a chromosome segregation catastrophe. We here show that top2-5 chromosomes fail to enter a Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) in the first cell cycle, a behavior traditionally linked to the presence of replication and recombination intermediates. We distinguished two classes of affected chromosomes: the rDNA-bearing chromosome XII, which fails to enter a PFGE at the beginning of S-phase, and all the other chromosomes, which fail at a postreplicative stage. In synchronously cycling cells, this late PFGE retention is observed in anaphase; however, we demonstrate that this behavior is independent of cytokinesis, stabilization of anaphase bridges, spindle pulling forces and, probably, anaphase onset. Strikingly, once the PFGE retention has occurred it becomes refractory to Top2 re-activation. DNA combing, two-dimensional electrophoresis, genetic analyses, and GFP-tagged DNA damage markers suggest that neither recombination intermediates nor unfinished replication account for the postreplicative PFGE shift, which is further supported by the fact that the shift does not trigger the G 2 /M checkpoint. We propose that the absence of Top2 activity leads to a general chromosome structural/topological change in mitosis.