Inflammatory Role of TLR-MyD88 Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis

• Published in: Frontiers in molecular neuroscience Vol. 12; p. 314
• Main Authors: Zheng, Chao, Chen, Jingtao, Chu, Fengna, Zhu, Jie, Jin, Tao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 10.01.2020; Frontiers Media S.A
• Subjects: Animal cognition; Animal models; Antigen presentation; Autoimmune diseases; Blood-brain barrier; Cell activation; Central nervous system; Cognitive ability; Cytokines; Demyelination; Dendritic cells; Disease; Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Glycoproteins; Inflammation; Innate immunity; Interferon; Kinases; Lymphocytes B; Lymphocytes T; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Multiple sclerosis; MyD88 protein; myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neuroscience; Pathogenesis; Pathogens; Phosphorylation; Proteins; Signal transduction; Toll-like receptors; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Young adults; Toll-like receptors; experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88; inflammation; multiple sclerosis
• ISSN: 1662-5099; 1662-5099
• DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00314

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuro-autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorder leading to chronic inflammation, demyelination, axonal, and neuronal loss in the central nervous system (CNS). Despite intense research efforts, the pathogenesis of MS still remains unclear. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of type I transmembrane receptors that play a crucial role in the innate immune response. Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is the adaptor of major TLRs. It has been widely considered that the TLR-MyD88 signaling pathway plays an important role in the occurrence and development of autoimmune disease. Data have revealed that the TLR-MyD88 signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS, by regulating the antigen presentation of dendritic cells, the integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the activation of T cells and B cells. Here, we summarize the role of TLRs and MyD88 in MS and discuss the possible therapies that are based on these molecules.